Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2020 Oct;85(10):1178-1190. doi: 10.1134/S0006297920100065.
NETosis is a program for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of modified chromatin decorated with bactericidal proteins from granules and cytoplasm. Various pathogens, antibodies and immune complexes, cytokines, microcrystals, and other physiological stimuli can cause NETosis. Induction of NETosis depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the main source of which is NADPH oxidase. Activation of NADPH oxidase depends on increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and in some cases on the generation of ROS in mitochondria. NETosis includes release of the granule components into the cytosol, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope, as well as formation of pores in the plasma membrane. In this review, basic mechanisms of NETosis, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of some diseases including COVID-19 are discussed.
NETosis 是一种形成中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）的程序，其由修饰的染色质组成，这些染色质上装饰着来自颗粒和细胞质的杀菌蛋白。各种病原体、抗体和免疫复合物、细胞因子、微晶以及其他生理刺激都可以引起 NETosis。NETosis 的诱导依赖于活性氧（ROS），ROS 的主要来源是 NADPH 氧化酶。NADPH 氧化酶的激活依赖于细胞质中 Ca2+浓度的增加，在某些情况下还依赖于线粒体中 ROS 的产生。NETosis 包括颗粒成分释放到细胞质中、组蛋白修饰导致染色质解旋、核膜破坏以及质膜形成孔。在这篇综述中，讨论了 NETosis 的基本机制及其在包括 COVID-19 在内的一些疾病发病机制中的作用。
