Allgemeine und Experimentelle Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802 München, Germany; Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Allgemeine und Experimentelle Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802 München, Germany.
Curr Biol. 2020 Nov 16;30(22):R1353-R1355. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.054.
Neurophysiological studies have demonstrated that attentional orienting is associated with activity in fronto-parietal brain areas that play a pivotal role in oculomotor control, such as the lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP), the frontal eye fields (FEF), and the superior colliculus (SC) (e.g., [1]). Accordingly, based on the influential premotor theory of attention, which posits that even covert shifts of spatial attention in the absence of eye movements are elicited by preceding activation in the oculomotor system [2], it has been claimed that attention can only be allocated to where we can potentially make an eye movement [3]. There are two forms of covert spatial attention: exogenous attention is automatic, stimulus-driven, and transiently deployed in ∼100 ms. Conversely, endogenous attention is voluntary, goal-driven, and deployed in a slower (∼300 ms) and sustained manner [4]. Notably, it has been postulated that only exogenous attention, but not endogenous attention, would be restricted to locations within the so-called oculomotor range that is accessible by saccadic eye movements [5,6]. To test this claim, we used a dissociation approach that allowed us to evaluate exogenous attention shifts to locations within and beyond observers' oculomotor range via their disruptive, attention capturing costs for endogenous attention. We found that salient events equally grab exogenous attention both inside and outside the oculomotor range, demonstrating that exogenous attention can shift to locations not reachable by the eyes.
神经生理学研究表明，注意力的定向与额顶叶脑区的活动有关，这些脑区在眼球运动控制中起着关键作用，例如侧顶内皮层（LIP）、额眼区（FEF）和上丘（SC）（例如，[1]）。因此，根据注意力的有影响力的前运动理论，即使在没有眼球运动的情况下，空间注意力的隐蔽转移也是由眼球运动系统的前激活引起的[2]，有人声称注意力只能分配到我们可以潜在地进行眼球运动的地方[3]。有两种形式的隐蔽空间注意力：外源性注意力是自动的、受刺激驱动的，并且在大约 100 毫秒内短暂地被分配。相反，内源性注意力是自愿的、目标驱动的，并且以较慢（大约 300 毫秒）和持续的方式被分配[4]。值得注意的是，有人假设只有外源性注意力，而不是内源性注意力，会受到所谓的眼球运动范围的限制，这个范围可以通过眼球运动来达到[5,6]。为了验证这一说法，我们使用了一种分离方法，通过对内源性注意力的干扰和吸引成本，我们可以评估外源性注意力在观察者的眼球运动范围内外的转移。我们发现，显著事件同样会吸引眼球运动范围内外的外源性注意力，这表明外源性注意力可以转移到眼睛无法到达的位置。
