Proud Jasmine K, Lai Daniel T H, Mudie Kurt L, Carstairs Greg L, Billing Daniel C, Garofolini Alessandro, Begg Rezaul K
5399 Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
2222 Defence Science and Technology (DST), Melbourne, Australia.
Hum Factors. 2022 May;64(3):527-554. doi: 10.1177/0018720820957467. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
The aim of this review was to determine how exoskeletons could assist Australian Defence Force personnel with manual handling tasks.
Musculoskeletal injuries due to manual handling are physically damaging to personnel and financially costly to the Australian Defence Force. Exoskeletons may minimize injury risk by supporting, augmenting, and/or amplifying the user's physical abilities. Exoskeletons are therefore of interest in determining how they could support the unique needs of military manual handling personnel.
Industrial and military exoskeleton studies from 1990 to 2019 were identified in the literature. This included 67 unique exoskeletons, for which Information about their current state of development was tabulated.
Exoskeleton support of manual handling tasks is largely through squat/deadlift (lower limb) systems (64%), with the proposed use case for these being load carrying (42%) and 78% of exoskeletons being active. Human-exoskeleton analysis was the most prevalent form of evaluation (68%) with reported reductions in back muscle activation of 15%-54%.
The high frequency of citations of exoskeletons targeting load carrying reflects the need for devices that can support manual handling workers. Exoskeleton evaluation procedures varied across studies making comparisons difficult. The unique considerations for military applications, such as heavy external loads and load asymmetry, suggest that a significant adaptation to current technology or customized military-specific devices would be required for the introduction of exoskeletons into a military setting.
Exoskeletons in the literature and their potential to be adapted for application to military manual handling tasks are presented.
本综述的目的是确定外骨骼如何协助澳大利亚国防军人员进行人工搬运任务。
人工搬运导致的肌肉骨骼损伤对人员身体造成损害，对澳大利亚国防军来说成本高昂。外骨骼可以通过支撑、增强和/或放大使用者的身体能力来将受伤风险降至最低。因此，外骨骼在确定其如何满足军事人工搬运人员的独特需求方面具有吸引力。
在文献中识别了1990年至2019年的工业和军事外骨骼研究。这包括67种独特的外骨骼，并将其当前的发展状态信息制成表格。
外骨骼对人工搬运任务的支持主要通过深蹲/硬拉（下肢）系统（64%），其建议用例是负重（42%），且78%的外骨骼是主动型的。人体-外骨骼分析是最普遍的评估形式（68%），据报道背部肌肉激活减少了15%-54%。
针对负重的外骨骼被频繁引用，这反映了对能够支持人工搬运工人的设备的需求。不同研究的外骨骼评估程序各不相同，难以进行比较。军事应用的独特考虑因素，如沉重的外部负载和负载不对称，表明要将外骨骼引入军事环境，需要对当前技术进行重大改进或定制特定于军事的设备。
介绍了文献中的外骨骼及其适用于军事人工搬运任务的潜力。
