Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 18;15(11):e0241577. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241577. eCollection 2020.
Work-related activities during non-work time may influence the intershift recovery of post-work fatigue. Currently there is no valid and reliable scale available to measure the frequency for such activities among doctors. Therefore, this study aims to develop and validate 'Work-Related Activities during Non-Work Time Scale' (WANTS) that measure the frequency of work-related activities during non-work time for doctors. This was a scale development and validation study among doctors involving item generation, content and construct validation, and reliability assessment. 23-item seven-point Likert-type scale was developed through deductive (literature search) and inductive (interview with source population, authors' experiences, and expert opinion) methods. The content-validated scale was pre-tested, and the improved scale was subsequently administered to randomly-selected 460 doctors working at public hospital setting. Response rate was 77.76% (n = 382). Initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal axis factoring (PAF) using varimax rotation revealed unstable six-factor structure consisting of 17 variables; thus, we tested one- to six-factor model, and found that four-factor model is the most stable. Further analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) with a single component on each factor found that 17-variables four-factor model is stable. These factors were labelled as 'work-related thought', 'work-to-home conversation', 'task spillover' and 'superior-subordinate communication'. It showed good internal consistency with overall alpha value of 0.837. The scale is thus valid and reliable for measuring the frequency of each construct of work-related activities during non-work time among doctors.
工作时间以外的工作相关活动可能会影响工作后疲劳的轮班恢复。目前，尚无有效和可靠的量表可用于衡量医生此类活动的频率。因此，本研究旨在开发和验证“工作时间以外的工作相关活动量表”（WANTS），以衡量医生工作时间以外工作相关活动的频率。这是一项针对医生的量表开发和验证研究，包括项目生成、内容和结构验证以及可靠性评估。通过演绎（文献检索）和归纳（对源人群、作者经验和专家意见的访谈）方法开发了 23 项七点 Likert 量表。经过内容验证的量表进行了预测试，随后对随机选择的 460 名在公立医院工作的医生进行了改进后的量表测试。应答率为 77.76%（n=382）。初始探索性因素分析（EFA）采用主轴因子分析（PAF）和方差极大旋转显示出不稳定的六因素结构，由 17 个变量组成；因此，我们测试了一到六因素模型，发现四因素模型最稳定。进一步使用主成分分析（PCA）在每个因素上使用单个分量进行分析发现，17 变量四因素模型是稳定的。这些因素被标记为“与工作相关的想法”、“工作到家的对话”、“任务溢出”和“上级-下属沟通”。它显示出良好的内部一致性，总 alpha 值为 0.837。该量表可有效可靠地衡量医生工作时间以外的工作相关活动各构念的频率。
