The University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska c. 25, Zagreb, Croatia.
The University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska c. 25, Zagreb, Croatia.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 20;753:141902. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141902. Epub 2020 Aug 28.
One of negative side-effects of usage of bio-renewables might be generation of mineral (ash) material, potential source of environmental pollution. A hypothesis was that bottom ash (BA; from biomass cogeneration facility) could be efficiently (re) used in soil chemical conditioning similarly to widely-used dolomite-based soil conditioner (DO; from Croatian Dinaric-coastal region) which we tested by: i) physicochemical characterisation of BA and DO, and ii) bioassay with Raphanus sativus cultivated in acidic soil amended with BA or DO. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) confirmed complex chemical/physical structures and morphology between amendments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed their distinctive mineralogy with predominantly dolomite (in DO) vs. quartz and calcite (in BA), while secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) revealed their diverse elemental/isotopic composition. The BA or DO amendments ameliorated soil acidity, increased available P, K and most other nutrients, but not Cd. The BA or DO amendments improved vegetative growth and edible hypocotyl yield. However, both amendments also increased Cd accumulation in all radish tissues, which was unexpected given the alkaline matrix of bio-ash and dolomite that would be likely to facilitate retention and immobilisation of toxic Cd. Thus, thorough characterisation and evaluation of BA- and/or DO-based materials and relevant soils (with an emphasis on metal sorption/immobilisation) prior to application in (agro) ecosystems is crucial for producing food clean of toxic metals.
生物可再生资源使用的一个负面影响可能是产生矿物（灰）物质，这是潜在的环境污染源。我们假设底灰（BA；来自生物质联合发电设施）可以像广泛使用的基于白云石的土壤调节剂（DO；来自克罗地亚迪纳里克沿海地区）一样，有效地（再）用于土壤化学调节，我们通过以下方法进行了测试：i）BA 和 DO 的物理化学特性分析，以及 ii）用酸性土壤中添加 BA 或 DO 培养的萝卜进行生物测定。扫描电子显微镜结合能量色散 X 射线能谱（SEM-EDX）证实了肥料之间复杂的化学/物理结构和形态，X 射线衍射（XRD）显示了它们独特的矿物学特征，主要是白云石（在 DO 中）与石英和方解石（在 BA 中），而二次离子质谱（SIMS）则揭示了它们多样的元素/同位素组成。BA 或 DO 改良剂改善了土壤酸度，增加了有效磷、钾和大多数其他养分，但没有增加镉。BA 或 DO 改良剂促进了萝卜的生长和可食用的下胚轴产量。然而，两种改良剂也增加了所有萝卜组织中镉的积累，这是出乎意料的，因为生物灰和白云石的碱性基质可能有利于有毒镉的保留和固定。因此，在（农业）生态系统中应用之前，对 BA 和/或 DO 基材料和相关土壤进行彻底的特性和评估（重点是金属吸附/固定）对于生产无有毒金属的食物至关重要。
