Rasoulinejad Seyed Ahmad, Pourdad Parisa, Pourabdollah Abdollah, Arzani Afsaneh, Geraili Zahra, Roshan Horrieh Yosefi
Clinical Research Development Unit of Rouhani Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Non-Communicable Pediatric Disease Research Center, Health Research Institute, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Sep 30;9(9):4582-4586. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_528_20. eCollection 2020 Sep.
Vision is the main source of sensory information to the brain in most species of living and human beings and is one of the most important senses for the normal physical and mental development of children. Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Refractive errors such as myopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia are common in premature infants with or without ROP.
A prospective cohort study was performed on the population of premature infants. Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity in neonatal period was performed according to the protocol of ophthalmologic examination and between 4 and 6 weeks after birth by retinal specialist. The case group included 90 children with or without ROP during infancy. Primary and measurable outcomes in the studied children, including visual acuity, refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia, were assessed by an optician and retina ophthalmologist.
In our study, at the age of 5-6 years, 26.67% of case group and 48.89% of control group had visual impairment. Amblyopia 3.33%, strabismus 6.67% and refractive errors 16.67% were found in the case group. In control group amblyopia was reported 12.22%, strabismus 6.67%, and refractive errors 30%. In this study, visual impairment was higher in the control group than in the case group.
Considering the high prevalence of visual impairment in the control group children who were all without ROP, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of careful visual examination of the children at a younger age and remind them of the importance of visual impairment.
在大多数生物和人类物种中，视觉是大脑感觉信息的主要来源，也是儿童正常身心发育最重要的感官之一。早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是全球失明和视力损害的主要原因之一。近视、散光和屈光参差等屈光不正现象在患有或未患有ROP的早产儿中都很常见。
对早产儿群体进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。根据眼科检查方案，在新生儿期对早产儿进行早产儿视网膜病变筛查，并在出生后4至6周由视网膜专家进行检查。病例组包括90名在婴儿期患有或未患有ROP的儿童。由验光师和视网膜眼科医生评估所研究儿童的主要和可测量结果，包括视力、屈光不正、斜视和弱视。
在我们的研究中，在5至6岁时，病例组中有26.67%的儿童和对照组中有48.89%的儿童存在视力损害。病例组中发现弱视占3.33%，斜视占6.67%，屈光不正占16.67%。对照组中报告弱视占12.22%，斜视占6.67%，屈光不正占30%。在本研究中，对照组的视力损害高于病例组。
鉴于对照组中所有未患ROP的儿童视力损害患病率较高，有必要强调在儿童较小时进行仔细视力检查的重要性，并提醒他们注意视力损害的重要性。
