University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
Performance Centre, University of Birmingham Sport, Birmingham, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2021 Feb;121(2):621-635. doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04541-z. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
This study investigated whether intermittent post-exercise sauna bathing across three-weeks endurance training improves exercise heat tolerance and exercise performance markers in temperate conditions, compared to endurance training alone. The subsidiary aim was to determine whether exercise-heat tolerance would further improve following 7-Weeks post-exercise sauna bathing.
Twenty middle-distance runners (13 female; mean ± SD, age 20 ± 2 years, [Formula: see text]O 56.1 ± 8.7 ml kg min) performed a running heat tolerance test (30-min, 9 km h/2% gradient, 40 °C/40%RH; HTT) and temperate (18 °C) exercise tests (maximal aerobic capacity [[Formula: see text]O], speed at 4 mmol L blood lactate concentration ([La]) before (Pre) and following three-weeks (3-Weeks) normal training (CON; n = 8) or normal training with 28 ± 2 min post-exercise sauna bathing (101-108 °C, 5-10%RH) 3 ± 1 times per week (SAUNA; n = 12). Changes from Pre to 3-Weeks were compared between-groups using an analysis of co-variance. Six SAUNA participants continued the intervention for 7 weeks, completing an additional HTT (7-Weeks; data compared using a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance).
During the HTT, SAUNA reduced peak rectal temperature (T; - 0.2 °C), skin temperature (- 0.8 °C), and heart rate (- 11 beats min) more than CON at 3-Weeks compared to Pre (all p < 0.05). SAUNA also improved [Formula: see text]O (+ 0.27 L min; p = 0.02) and speed at 4 mmol L [La] (+ 0.6 km h; p = 0.01) more than CON at 3-Weeks compared to Pre. Only peak T (- 0.1 °C; p = 0.03 decreased further from 3-Weeks to 7-Weeks in SAUNA (other physiological variables p > 0.05).
Three-weeks post-exercise sauna bathing is an effective and pragmatic method of heat acclimation, and an effective ergogenic aid. Extending the intervention to seven weeks only marginally improved T.
本研究旨在比较三周耐力训练后间歇性运动后桑拿来复热与单纯耐力训练对温带条件下运动热耐受和运动表现标志物的影响。次要目的是确定运动热耐受是否会在运动后桑拿浴 7 周后进一步提高。
20 名中长跑运动员（13 名女性；平均[Formula: see text]O 56.1[Formula: see text]±8.7ml[Formula: see text]kgmin）进行了跑步热耐受测试（30 分钟，9kmh/2%坡度，40°C/40%RH；HTT）和温带（18°C）运动测试（最大有氧能力[Formula: see text]O，4mmol[Formula: see text]L 血乳酸浓度前（Pre）和三周后（3-周）正常训练（CON；n=8）或每周 3 次（共 12 名）28[Formula: see text]±2 分钟运动后桑拿浴（101-108°C，5-10%RH）的速度。使用协方差分析比较组间从 Pre 到 3-周的变化。6 名 SAUNA 参与者继续进行 7 周的干预，完成了额外的 HTT（7-周；使用单向重复测量方差分析比较数据）。
在 HTT 中，与 CON 相比，SAUNA 在 3 周时降低了峰值直肠温度（T；-0.2°C）、皮肤温度（-0.8°C）和心率（-11 次/min）（均 p<0.05）。SAUNA 还改善了[Formula: see text]O（+0.27Lmin；p=0.02）和 4mmol[Formula: see text]L 血乳酸浓度前（Pre）和三周后（3-周）的速度（+0.6kmh；p=0.01）（均 p<0.05）。仅在 3 周时，SAUNA 中峰值 T（-0.1°C；p=0.03）进一步从 3 周降至 7 周（其他生理变量 p>0.05）。
运动后桑拿浴是一种有效的、实用的热适应方法，也是一种有效的运动辅助剂。将干预延长至 7 周仅能略微降低 T。
