Williamson Josh, Davison Gareth
Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Nov 17;9(11):1142. doi: 10.3390/antiox9111142.
Exercise simultaneously incites beneficial (e.g., signal) and harming (e.g., damage to macromolecules) effects, likely through the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and downstream changes to redox homeostasis. Given the link between nuclear DNA damage and human longevity/pathology, research attempting to modulate DNA damage and restore redox homeostasis through non-selective pleiotropic antioxidants has yielded mixed results. Furthermore, until recently the role of oxidative modifications to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the context of exercising humans has largely been ignored. The development of antioxidant compounds which specifically target the mitochondria has unveiled a number of exciting avenues of exploration which allow for more precise discernment of the pathways involved with the generation of RONS and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Thus, the primary function of this review, and indeed its novel feature, is to highlight the potential roles of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants on perturbations to mitochondrial oxidative stress and the implications for exercise, with special focus on mtDNA damage. A brief synopsis of the current literature addressing the sources of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and available mitochondria-targeted antioxidants is also discussed.
运动同时会引发有益（如信号传导）和有害（如对大分子的损伤）效应，这可能是通过活性氧和氮物种（RONS）的产生以及氧化还原稳态的下游变化实现的。鉴于核DNA损伤与人类寿命/病理学之间的联系，试图通过非选择性多效抗氧化剂来调节DNA损伤并恢复氧化还原稳态的研究结果喜忧参半。此外，直到最近，线粒体DNA（mtDNA）氧化修饰在运动人群中的作用在很大程度上被忽视了。专门针对线粒体的抗氧化化合物的开发揭示了许多令人兴奋的探索途径，这使得我们能够更精确地识别与RONS产生和线粒体氧化应激相关的途径。因此，本综述的主要功能，实际上也是其新颖之处，在于强调线粒体靶向抗氧化剂对线粒体氧化应激扰动的潜在作用以及对运动的影响，特别关注mtDNA损伤。本文还简要概述了当前关于线粒体超氧化物和过氧化氢来源的文献，以及现有的线粒体靶向抗氧化剂。
