Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2020 Nov 20;22(12):83. doi: 10.1007/s11920-020-01202-y.
The purpose of this article is to highlight how sex differences in the gut-brain axis may contribute to the discrepancies in incidence of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders between females and males. We focus on autism spectrum disorder, psychotic disorders, stress and anxiety disorders, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease and additionally discuss the comorbidity between inflammatory bowel disorder and mental health disorders.
Human and animal studies show that sex may modify the relationship between the gut or immune system and brain and behavior. Sex also appears to modify the effect of microbial treatments such as probiotics and antibiotics on brain and behavior. There is emerging evidence that assessing the role of sex in the gut-brain axis may help elucidate the etiology of and identify effective treatments for neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders.
本文旨在强调肠道-大脑轴中的性别差异如何导致女性和男性在神经发育、精神和神经退行性疾病的发病率上存在差异。我们重点关注自闭症谱系障碍、精神病、应激和焦虑障碍、抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病，并进一步讨论炎症性肠病与精神健康障碍之间的共病。
人体和动物研究表明，性别可能会改变肠道或免疫系统与大脑和行为之间的关系。性别似乎也会改变益生菌和抗生素等微生物治疗对大脑和行为的影响。有新的证据表明，评估肠道-大脑轴中性别作用可能有助于阐明神经发育、精神和神经退行性疾病的病因，并确定有效的治疗方法。
