纺锤体缩放受微管成核的细胞边界调节控制。
Spindle Scaling Is Governed by Cell Boundary Regulation of Microtubule Nucleation.
机构信息
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany; Centre for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany; Centre for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
出版信息
Curr Biol. 2020 Dec 21;30(24):4973-4983.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.093. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Cellular organelles such as the mitotic spindle adjust their size to the dimensions of the cell. It is widely understood that spindle scaling is governed by regulation of microtubule polymerization. Here, we use quantitative microscopy in living zebrafish embryos and Xenopus egg extracts in combination with theory to show that microtubule polymerization dynamics are insufficient to scale spindles and only contribute below a critical cell size. In contrast, microtubule nucleation governs spindle scaling for all cell sizes. We show that this hierarchical regulation arises from the partitioning of a nucleation inhibitor to the cell membrane. Our results reveal that cells differentially regulate microtubule number and length using distinct geometric cues to maintain a functional spindle architecture over a large range of cell sizes.
细胞器官，如有丝分裂纺锤体，会根据细胞的大小来调整其自身的尺寸。人们普遍认为纺锤体的缩放是由微管聚合的调控所决定的。在这里，我们在活体斑马鱼胚胎和非洲爪蟾卵提取物中使用定量显微镜，并结合理论表明，微管聚合动力学不足以缩放纺锤体，并且仅在细胞尺寸较小时起作用。相比之下，微管成核决定了所有细胞尺寸的纺锤体缩放。我们表明，这种分层调节源于成核抑制剂向细胞膜的分配。我们的结果表明，细胞使用不同的几何线索来调节微管数量和长度，从而在大范围的细胞尺寸内维持功能性纺锤体结构。
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