Department of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, PB No. 1061, RS Puram, Coimbatore, 641 002, India.
Department of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, PB No. 1061, RS Puram, Coimbatore, 641 002, India.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2021 Mar 1;267:113593. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113593. Epub 2020 Nov 18.
Gmelina arborea Roxb.ex Smith, a fast-growing deciduous tree belongs to the family Lamiaceae, and is an important plantation species in many tropical areas around the world. The species is naturally distributed in semi-deciduous forests in tropical/subtropical regions of South East Asia. The tree is also an important medicinal plant in the Indian Systems of Medicine. The whole plant is used in medicine. It is astringent, bitter, digestive, cardiotonic, diuretic, laxative and pulmonary and nervine tonic. It improves digestion, memory, helps overcome giddiness and is useful in burning sensation, fever, thirst, emaciation, heart diseases, nervous disorders and piles. The roots are acrid, bitter-sweet in taste, stomachic, tonic, laxative, galactagogue and antihelmintic. The flowers are sweet, refrigerant, bitter, astringent and acrid, and are used in treating leprosy and skin diseases. The fruits are acrid, sour, sweet, refrigerant, bitter, astringent, aphrodisiac, trichogenous, alterant and tonic. Fruits are edible and also used for promoting hair growth and in treating anaemia, leprosy, ulcers, constipation, leucorrhoea and colitis. The leaves are a good fodder also. The major bioactive compounds extracted from different parts of G. arborea are arboreal, verbascoside, tyrosol, iridoids, phenylpropanoid glycoside, premnazole, martynoside, iridoid glycosides, balanophonin, gmelinol, isoarboreol apigenin, umbelliferone etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This review provides an insight into the medicinal aspects of G. arborea. It provides the latest information on phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and traditional uses of G.arborea.
Information on G. arborea was gathered from various sources like textbooks, literature, databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Scopus, Inflibnet, Sci-Finder and Google Scholar.
Sixty-nine phytochemicals which include lignans, acylated iridoid glycosides, acylated rhamnopyranoses, flavonoids, flavones, flavone glycosides have been isolated. Many of them have been characterized for their pharmacological activity. Several researchers have identified bioactive phytochemicals like luteolin, iridoid alkaloids from the leaves, hentriacontanol and lignans such as arboreol, isoarboreol, arborone, gmelanone, gummadiol from the heartwood, flavon glycosides in roots. The extracts are reported to have wound-healing and antidiarrheal properties. Various studies demonstrated that G.arborea and its constituents possess several pharmacological activities like anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic, anti-nociceptive, anticancer and wound healing activities.
G. arborea is a valuable medicinal plant used traditionally in the Indian Systems of Medicine (ISM - Ayurveda and Unani) to treat a wide variety of ailments. These phytochemicals are highly bioactive and exhibit various pharmacological activities. However, pharmacological activities of many compounds which have been identified, are yet to be understood.
使君子科使君子属速生落叶乔木，是世界许多热带地区重要的人工林种植品种。该物种自然分布于东南亚热带/亚热带半落叶林中。该树也是印度医学体系中的一种重要药用植物。全株入药，具有收敛、苦、消化、强心、利尿、通便和肺及神经滋补作用。可改善消化、记忆，有助于克服头晕，发热，口渴，消瘦，心脏病，神经紊乱和痔疮。根有刺激性，苦甜，健胃，滋补，通便，催乳和驱虫。花甜，清凉，苦，收敛和刺激性，用于治疗麻风病和皮肤病。果实苦、酸、甜、清凉、苦、收敛、壮阳、毛发生长、变应原和滋补。果实可食用，也可促进头发生长，治疗贫血、麻风病、溃疡、便秘、白带过多和结肠炎。叶子也是很好的饲料。从使君子的不同部位提取的主要生物活性化合物有： verbascoside、tyrosol、环烯醚萜、苯丙素糖苷、premnazole、martynoside、环烯醚萜苷、balanophonin、gmelinol、isoarboreol、apigenin、umbelliferone 等。
本综述介绍了使君子的药用方面。提供了关于使君子的植物化学、药理活性和传统用途的最新信息。
从各种来源（如教科书、文献、PubMed、Science Direct、Wiley、Springer、Taylor and Francis、Scopus、Inflibnet、Sci-Finder 和 Google Scholar 等数据库）收集使君子的信息。
已分离出 69 种植物化学物质，包括木脂素、酰化环烯醚萜糖苷、酰化鼠李吡喃糖苷、类黄酮、黄酮、黄酮糖苷。其中许多已被鉴定出具有药理活性。一些研究人员从叶子中鉴定出生物活性植物化学物质，如木樨草素、环烯醚萜生物碱，从心材中鉴定出 hentriacontanol 和木脂素，如 arboreol、isoarboreol、arborone、gmelanone、gummadiol，从根中鉴定出黄酮糖苷。提取物具有愈合伤口和止泻作用。多项研究表明，使君子及其成分具有多种药理活性，如抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗炎、抗溃疡、镇痛、抗伤害、抗癌和伤口愈合活性。
使君子是一种有价值的药用植物，在印度医学体系（阿育吠陀和顺势疗法）中传统上用于治疗各种疾病。这些植物化学物质具有高度的生物活性，并表现出各种药理活性。然而，许多已鉴定出的化合物的药理活性尚待了解。
