植物化学、药理活性及药用植物蓬莪术 Kaempferia galanga L. 的应用概述。
Phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and uses of traditional medicinal plant Kaempferia galanga L. - An overview.
机构信息
Department of Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Gurukula Kangri University, Haridwar, 249404, Uttarakhand, India.
出版信息
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 May 10;253:112667. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112667. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Kaempferia galanga L. is a stemless, rhizomatous, aromatic, perennial and indigenous herb. It is native to India and distributed in China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Japan, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Laos, Sudan, Nigeria and South Africa. It is an important Indian medicinal herb that has a long history of use in the treatment of several kinds of human ailments including vata ailments like cough and cold, fever, headache, pains disorders, skin diseases, rheumatic diseases, arthritis, joint fractures, vertigo, wounds, gastritis, antidote for snake venoms, inflammation, blood vomiting, mouth sores and tongue blisters in infants. Moreover, the rhizomes of this plant are highly aromatic and have been used widely as spices, in food flavoring, pickles, cosmetics and in perfumery products.
AIM OF THE REVIEW
This paper aimed to provide a critical review of current scenario on K. galanga. This review provides a current data on diversity, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities and traditional uses of K. galanga.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The information and data on K. galanga were collated from various resources like ethnobotanical textbooks and literature databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Tailor and Francis, Scopus, Inflibnet, Google and Google Scholar.
RESULTS
The forty-nine phytochemicals including esters, terpenoids, flavonoids, thiourea derivatives, polysaccharides, diarylheptanoids, phenolic acids, phenolic glycoside and cyclic lipodepsipeptide have been hitherto isolated and characterized. The major bioactive compounds extracted from the rhizome of K. galanga were ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, ethyl cinnamate, kaempferol, kaempferide, kaempsulfonic acids, kaemgalangol A, xylose, cystargamide B and 3-caren-5-one. Various studies demonstrated that the K. galanga and its constituents possess several pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, amebicidal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tuberculosis, anti-dengue, anti-nociceptive, anti-angiogenic, anticancer, hyperlipidemic, hypopigmentary, osteolysis, larvicidal, insecticidal and mosquito repellent, nematocidal, sedative, sniffing, vasorelaxant and wound healing.
CONCLUSION
Kaempferia galanga L. is a valuable medicinal plant which is used traditionally in India to treat a wide variety of ailments. A number of bioactive phytochemicals like esters, terpenoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, diarylheptanoids, cyclic lipodepsipeptide, phenolic acids and glucoside have been isolated from the rhizomes of K. galanga by several researchers. These phytochemicals are highly bioactive and exhibit various pharmacological activities.
民族药理学相关性
蓬莪术是一种无茎、根茎状、芳香、多年生和土生的草本植物。它原产于印度，分布于中国、孟加拉国、缅甸、斯里兰卡、日本、泰国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、越南、老挝、苏丹、尼日利亚和南非。它是一种重要的印度药用草本植物，在治疗多种人类疾病方面有着悠久的历史，包括瓦塔疾病，如咳嗽和感冒、发烧、头痛、疼痛障碍、皮肤病、风湿性疾病、关节炎、关节骨折、眩晕、伤口、胃炎、蛇毒解毒剂、炎症、血吐、口疮和婴儿舌泡。此外，这种植物的根茎具有浓郁的香气，被广泛用作香料、食品调味剂、泡菜、化妆品和香水产品。
目的
本文旨在对蓬莪术的现状进行批判性评价。本综述提供了蓬莪术多样性、植物化学、药理活性和传统用途的最新数据。
材料和方法
从民族植物学教科书和文献数据库（如 PubMed、Science Direct、Wiley、Springer、Tailor and Francis、Scopus、Inflibnet、Google 和 Google Scholar）等各种资源中收集了关于蓬莪术的信息和数据。
结果
迄今为止，已从蓬莪术根茎中分离和鉴定了 49 种植物化学物质，包括酯类、萜类、类黄酮、硫脲衍生物、多糖、二芳基庚烷、酚酸、酚糖苷和环状脂肽。从蓬莪术根茎中提取的主要生物活性化合物有：对甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯、肉桂酸乙酯、山柰酚、山柰酚、坎普氟酸、坎姆加尔烷 A、木糖、半胱氨酸酰胺 B 和 3-卡伦-5-酮。多项研究表明，蓬莪术及其成分具有多种药理活性，如抗菌、抗氧化、杀阿米巴、镇痛、抗炎、抗结核、抗登革热、抗伤害感受、抗血管生成、抗癌、高脂血症、色素减退、溶骨性、杀幼虫、杀虫、驱蚊、杀线虫、镇静、嗅探、血管舒张和伤口愈合。
结论
蓬莪术是一种有价值的药用植物，在印度传统上用于治疗多种疾病。一些研究人员已经从蓬莪术的根茎中分离出多种生物活性的植物化学物质，如酯类、萜类、类黄酮、多糖、二芳基庚烷、环状脂肽、酚酸和糖苷。这些植物化学物质具有高度的生物活性，并表现出多种药理活性。
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