Uvnäs-Moberg K, Widström A M, Marchini G, Winberg J
Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr Scand. 1987 Nov;76(6):851-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb17254.x.
It is well established that sensory stimulation is of great importance for the growth of and for the physiological and psychological development of infants. Supplementary sensory stimulation such as non-nutritive sucking and tactile stimulation has been shown to increase the growth rate and the maturation of premature infants. In human neonates non-nutritive sucking has a vagally mediated influence on the levels of some gastrointestinal hormones. In animal experiments afferent electrical stimulations of the sciatic nerves at low intensity leads to an activation of the vagal nerves and to a consequent release of vagally controlled gastrointestinal hormones such as gastrin and cholecystokinin. We therefore assume that both non-nutritive sucking and tactile stimulation trigger the activity of sensory nerves which leads to a release of vagally regulated gut hormones. Since gut hormones stimulate gastrointestinal motor and secretory activity and the growth of the gastrointestinal tract, and enhance the glucose-induced insulin release, they may contribute to the beneficial effects on maturation and growth caused by sensory stimulation. In the breast-feeding situation, the sucking of the child elicits similar reflexes in the mother leading to an activation of the maternal gut endocrine system and a consequent increase in energy uptake. These data indicate that many types of neurogenic reflexes induced in mother-infant interactions are of importance for the energy economy of both mother and child.
众所周知，感觉刺激对婴儿的生长以及生理和心理发育至关重要。已表明，诸如非营养性吸吮和触觉刺激等补充性感觉刺激可提高早产儿的生长速度并促进其成熟。在人类新生儿中，非营养性吸吮对某些胃肠激素水平具有迷走神经介导的影响。在动物实验中，低强度的坐骨神经传入电刺激会导致迷走神经激活，进而释放由迷走神经控制的胃肠激素，如胃泌素和胆囊收缩素。因此，我们推测非营养性吸吮和触觉刺激均会触发感觉神经的活动，从而导致迷走神经调节的肠道激素释放。由于肠道激素可刺激胃肠运动和分泌活动以及胃肠道的生长，并增强葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素释放，它们可能有助于感觉刺激对成熟和生长产生的有益影响。在母乳喂养过程中，婴儿的吸吮会在母亲体内引发类似的反射，从而激活母亲的肠道内分泌系统，进而增加能量摄取。这些数据表明，母婴互动中引发的多种神经源性反射对母亲和婴儿的能量代谢均很重要。
