Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 228A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
The University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Building J01, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
Biotechnol Adv. 2021 Jan-Feb;46:107660. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107660. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Gradients in industrial bioreactors have attracted substantial research attention since exposure to fluctuating environmental conditions has been shown to lead to changes in the metabolome, transcriptome as well as population heterogeneity in industrially relevant microorganisms. Such changes have also been found to impact key process parameters like the yield on substrate and the productivity. Hence, understanding gradients is important from both the academic and industrial perspectives. In this review the causes of gradients are outlined, along with their impact on microbial physiology. Quantifying the impact of gradients requires a detailed understanding of both fluid flow inside industrial equipment and microbial physiology. This review critically examines approaches used to investigate gradients including large-scale experimental work, computational methods and scale-down approaches. Avenues for future work have been highlighted, particularly the need for further coordinated development of both in silico and experimental tools which can be used to further the current understanding of gradients in industrial equipment.
由于暴露于波动的环境条件会导致代谢组、转录组以及工业相关微生物的种群异质性发生变化，工业生物反应器中的梯度已经引起了大量的研究关注。这些变化也被发现会影响关键的工艺参数，如底物得率和生产力。因此，从学术和工业的角度来看，理解梯度是很重要的。在这篇综述中，概述了梯度产生的原因及其对微生物生理学的影响。要量化梯度的影响，需要详细了解工业设备内部的流体流动和微生物生理学。本文批判性地检查了用于研究梯度的方法，包括大规模的实验工作、计算方法和缩小规模的方法。还强调了未来工作的方向，特别是需要进一步协调开发可用于进一步提高对工业设备中梯度理解的计算和实验工具。
