J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019 Mar;119(3):435-448. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.11.001. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides supplemental foods to assist participants in meeting their dietary needs. Few studies have described the extent to which WIC-eligible foods contribute to the overall diet of children who were enrolled in WIC prenatally or in early infancy.
Our aims were to examine commonly consumed foods and estimate the proportion of dietary intake contributed by WIC-eligible foods among 13- and 24-month-old children, and to assess differences by WIC participation status at 24-months.
This was a national observational study.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Children participating in the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 were included (13 months old [n=2,777] and 24 months old [n=2,450]) from 2013 to 2016.
Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls at 13 and 24 months. The 10 most commonly consumed foods were described using the What We Eat in America food category classification system. WIC-eligible foods were defined as meeting the WIC nutrient criteria set forth in the Federal regulation.
The estimated proportion (mean±standard error) of WIC-eligible foods to total daily intake was calculated for energy, macronutrients, and select micronutrients. Multiple linear regression, adjusted for confounders, was conducted to compare the estimated proportion of nutrient intake from WIC-eligible foods by WIC participation at 24 months.
At 13 and 24 months, most (60% and 63%, respectively) of the commonly consumed foods were eligible for purchase as part of the child WIC food package. WIC-eligible foods provided >40% of calories and close to 50% or more of other nutrients, and the contribution of WIC-eligible foods to overall micronutrient intake increased between 13 and 24 months. Children still on WIC at 24 months obtained a larger proportion of calories and most other nutrients from WIC-eligible foods than children no longer on WIC.
WIC-eligible foods could contribute to the overall diet of toddlers who were enrolled in WIC prenatally or in early infancy. Further, there may be additional nutritional benefits of staying on the program through 24 months.
妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）提供补充食品，以帮助参与者满足其饮食需求。很少有研究描述了 WIC 合格食品在多大程度上有助于在产前或婴儿早期参加 WIC 的儿童的整体饮食。
我们的目的是检查常见的食用食品，并估计 13 个月和 24 个月大的儿童中 WIC 合格食品在饮食摄入中的比例，并评估 24 个月时 WIC 参与状况的差异。
这是一项全国性的观察性研究。
参与者/设置：纳入了 2013 年至 2016 年期间参加 WIC 婴儿和幼儿喂养实践研究-2 的儿童（13 个月[ n = 2,777]和 24 个月[ n = 2,450]）。
在 13 个月和 24 个月时使用 24 小时膳食回顾法评估膳食摄入量。使用“我们在美国吃什么”食品类别分类系统描述了最常食用的 10 种食品。WIC 合格食品被定义为符合联邦法规规定的 WIC 营养标准的食品。
为了计算能量、宏量营养素和选定微量营养素的总日摄入量中 WIC 合格食品的估计比例（平均值±标准误差），进行了线性回归分析，并调整了混杂因素。采用多元线性回归，根据 24 个月时的 WIC 参与情况，比较了 WIC 合格食品对营养素摄入量的估计比例。
在 13 个月和 24 个月时，最常食用的食品中有 60%和 63%分别有资格作为儿童 WIC 食品包的一部分购买。WIC 合格食品提供了 >40%的卡路里，接近 50%或更多的其他营养素，并且 13 个月至 24 个月期间，WIC 合格食品对整体微量营养素摄入的贡献增加。24 个月时仍在参加 WIC 的儿童从 WIC 合格食品中获得的卡路里和大多数其他营养素比例大于不再参加 WIC 的儿童。
WIC 合格食品可以为在产前或婴儿早期参加 WIC 的幼儿的整体饮食做出贡献。此外，通过 24 个月的时间继续参加该计划可能会带来额外的营养益处。
