Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Shanghai University of Sport (SUS), Shanghai, China.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov-Dec;63(6):800-806. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.10.005. Epub 2020 Oct 24.
Postmenopausal women have an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, which can be counteracted by conventional exercise regimes or recreational football. Less is known about the impact of exercise programmes based on other team sports. Thus, we examined the effects of recreational team handball on aerobic performance, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health in untrained postmenopausal women.
Sixty-seven participants (age 68 ± 6 years, stature 157 ± 6 cm, body mass 67 ± 10 kg, fat mass 37 ± 7%, VO 25.2 ± 3.6 mL/min/kg, Yo-Yo intermittent endurance level 1 test performance (YYIE1) 230 ± 103 m) with no previous experience of team handball were randomly allocated to either a team handball (THG, n = 41) or a control (CG, n = 26) group. THG performed 2-3 60-min training sessions per week for 16 weeks. YYIE1 performance and cardiometabolic markers were evaluated at baseline and post-intervention.
Average attendance during recreational team handball training was 1.9 ± 0.4 sessions per week, with mean heart rates of 76 ± 6%HR and 18 ± 9 min (44 ± 20% of total time) played at HR > 80%HR. A between-group effect was observed for YYIE1 performance, with a more pronounced improvement in aerobic exercise performance in THG compared to CG (70 ± 62 vs 15 ± 44%; p < 0.001). Within-group improvements (p < 0.05) were observed for THG with regard to VO (7 ± 10%), incremental treadmill test time to exhaustion (TTE) (11 ± 14%), total cholesterol (-3 ± 9%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-2 ± 14%), with no significant changes in CG except an increase (p < 0.05) in TTE. Post-intervention values were higher for THG vs CG for YYIE1 performance (88%; 406 ± 216 vs 216 ± 75 m) and VO (10%; 27.5 ± 3.8 vs 24.9 ± 3.6 mL/min/kg).
Recreational team handball can be used to obtain moderate-to-vigorous aerobic intensities, and just 2 weekly 60-min team handball training sessions for 16 weeks can result in improvements in aerobic performance and in markers of cardiorespiratory fitness in postmenopausal women with no previous experience of the sport.
绝经后女性患心血管疾病的风险增加，这可以通过常规运动或休闲足球来抵消。对于基于其他团体运动的运动项目对心血管的影响知之甚少。因此，我们研究了休闲团体手球对未经训练的绝经后女性的有氧能力、心肺功能和心血管代谢健康的影响。
67 名参与者（年龄 68±6 岁，身高 157±6cm，体重 67±10kg，体脂 37±7%，VO25.2±3.6mL/min/kg，Yo-Yo 间歇性耐力水平 1 测试表现（YYIE1）230±103m）没有团体手球的经验，被随机分配到团体手球（THG，n=41）或对照组（CG，n=26）。THG 每周进行 2-3 次 60 分钟的训练，持续 16 周。在基线和干预后评估 YYIE1 表现和心血管代谢标志物。
休闲团体手球训练的平均出勤率为每周 1.9±0.4 次，平均心率为 76±6%HR，18±9 分钟（总时间的 44±20%）的心率>80%HR。THG 与 CG 相比，YYIE1 表现存在组间效应，有氧运动能力的改善更为明显（70±62 与 15±44%；p<0.001）。THG 组的 VO（7±10%）、增量跑步机测试至力竭时间（TTE）（11±14%）、总胆固醇（-3±9%）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（-2±14%）均有显著改善（p<0.05），而 CG 组除 TTE 增加（p<0.05）外无明显变化。与 CG 相比，THG 的 YYIE1 表现（88%；406±216 与 216±75m）和 VO（10%；27.5±3.8 与 24.9±3.6mL/min/kg）的干预后值更高。
休闲团体手球可以用于获得中等至剧烈的有氧运动强度，每周仅进行 2 次 60 分钟的团体手球训练，持续 16 周，即可改善绝经后女性的有氧运动能力和心肺功能健康状况，而无需之前有该运动的经验。
