Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, College of Environmental & Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Mar 1;272:115558. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115558. Epub 2020 Sep 6.
Rural residential coal combustion (RRCC) has detrimental effects on air quality, climate, and human health. There are large uncertainties regarding emissions from RRCC owing to the lack of consideration of several key factors (e.g. combination modes of coal and stoves, combustion modes, and high temporal resolution). In this study, we provided a new estimation framework for RRCC emissions through a case study in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, China. The emission estimations were improved according to four aspects, namely (1) coal-specific and stove-specific coal consumption was calculated based on face-to-face field interviews of 6700 valid volunteers/households covering 288 villages in 50 counties; (2) the influences of combustion modes (flaming and smoldering modes) on emissions were considered; (3) emissions of different fuel-stove combinations were estimated based on coal, stove, and combustion mode-specific RRCC consumption and localised emission factors; and (4) a method for emission estimation with high temporal resolution (1 h) was developed. The results indicated that RRCC emitted 413.6 kt SO, 55.7 kt NO, 5717.3 kt CO, 149.4 kt VOCs, 167.1 kt PM, 18.2 kt EC, 32.5 kt OC, and 8.2 kt NH in 2016. The combination of bituminous coal and an advanced coal stove was the most significant contributor (20.7-71.8%) to various pollutant emissions. Coal combusted under the flaming mode contributed to most (81.9%) of the total coal consumption, and thus emitted the majority (50.8-99.8%) of pollutants, except for VOCs. Meanwhile, that under the smoldering mode only accounted for 18.1% of the total consumption, but contributed 49.2% and 74.7% of the CO and VOCs emissions, respectively. Two clear emission peaks occurred at approximately 7:00-9:00 and 18:00-20:00. The detailed coal consumption and emissions with high temporal and spatial resolution can provide sound data for further research on rural environmental issues and scientific support to pollution control strategies.
农村住宅煤炭燃烧（RRCC）对空气质量、气候和人类健康都有不利影响。由于缺乏对几个关键因素的考虑（例如，煤和炉灶的组合方式、燃烧方式以及高时间分辨率），RRCC 的排放量存在很大的不确定性。在这项研究中，我们通过对中国京津冀地区的案例研究，提供了一种新的 RRCC 排放估算框架。根据以下四个方面，对排放估算进行了改进：（1）根据对 6700 名有效志愿者/家庭的面对面实地访谈，覆盖了 50 个县的 288 个村庄，计算了煤和炉灶的具体煤炭消耗；（2）考虑了燃烧方式（火焰和闷烧模式）对排放的影响；（3）根据煤、炉灶和燃烧方式的特定 RRCC 消耗以及本地化的排放因子，估算了不同燃料-炉灶组合的排放；（4）开发了一种具有高时间分辨率（1 小时）的排放估算方法。结果表明，2016 年 RRCC 排放了 413.6 kt SO、55.7 kt NO、5717.3 kt CO、149.4 kt VOCs、167.1 kt PM、18.2 kt EC、32.5 kt OC 和 8.2 kt NH。烟煤和先进煤炉的组合是各种污染物排放的最重要贡献者（20.7-71.8%）。火焰模式燃烧的煤消耗贡献了总煤炭消耗的大部分（81.9%），因此排放了大部分（50.8-99.8%）的污染物，除了 VOCs 以外。同时，闷烧模式下仅占总消耗的 18.1%，但分别贡献了 CO 和 VOCs 排放的 49.2%和 74.7%。两个明显的排放峰值出现在大约 7:00-9:00 和 18:00-20:00。详细的煤炭消耗和具有高时空分辨率的排放可为农村环境问题的进一步研究提供可靠的数据，并为污染控制策略提供科学支持。
