Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2023 May;127:295-307. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.046. Epub 2022 Jun 3.
Straw pellets are widely promoted and expected to be a cleaner alternative fuel to unprocessed crop residues and raw coal in rural China. However, the effectiveness of these dissemination programs is not well evaluated. In this field study, emission characteristics of burning straw pellets, raw coal, and unprocessed corn cobs in heating stoves were investigated in a pilot village in Northeast China. Emission measurements covering the whole combustion cycle (ignition, flaming, and smoldering phases) shows the promotion of improved heating stoves and straw pellets could reduce pollutant emissions (e.g., SO and CO), but increase NO and PM emissions compared to the initial stove-fuel use pattern in the studied area. There is a significant variance in emission characteristics between different combustion phases. The normalized emission concentrations of the different stove-fuel combinations were higher than the limits in the Chinese national standard for heating stoves, indicating that the standard is not met for real-world emissions. Coal consumption was lower than official data. Household surveys were conducted to identify the barriers to fuel and stove access associated with existing promotion strategies, management, and policies. The pilot program was of the typical "subsidy-and-policy-dependence" pattern and was unlikely to be implemented on a large scale. Technological innovation, operational optimization, and proper policies considering the local socioeconomic factors are needed to sustain the promotion of biomass straw pellets and stoves.
秸秆颗粒作为一种清洁燃料，在中国农村被广泛推广，被认为是未经加工的农作物秸秆和原煤的替代品。然而，这些推广项目的效果尚未得到充分评估。本研究采用实地调查的方法，在中国东北地区的一个试点村庄，对燃烧秸秆颗粒、原煤和未经加工的玉米芯在加热炉中的排放特性进行了研究。排放测量涵盖了整个燃烧周期（点火、燃烧和闷烧阶段），结果表明，推广改良型加热炉和秸秆颗粒可以减少污染物排放（如 SO 和 CO），但与研究区域初始的炉灶燃料使用模式相比，NO 和 PM 的排放会增加。不同燃烧阶段的排放特性存在显著差异。不同炉灶燃料组合的归一化排放浓度均高于中国加热炉国家标准的限值，表明实际排放不符合标准。煤炭消耗量低于官方数据。进行了家庭调查，以确定与现有推广策略、管理和政策相关的燃料和炉灶获取障碍。试点项目是典型的“补贴和政策依赖”模式，不太可能大规模实施。需要技术创新、运行优化以及考虑当地社会经济因素的适当政策，以维持生物质秸秆颗粒和炉灶的推广。
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