State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing100084, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Nov 15;56(22):15347-15355. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04150. Epub 2022 Oct 26.
As the largest emission source in the Pan-Third Pole region, residential solid fuel combustion gains increasing public concern regarding air pollution-associated health impacts. This study firstly developed emission inventories by combining energy statistics, fuel-mix survey, and detailed emission factors considering different fuel types, stove types, and altitudes, and we achieved full regional coverage and increased spatial resolution from 9 × 9 km to 1 km × 1 km. Total CO, CO, PM, SO, and NO emissions (coefficient of variation) were estimated to be 823 Mt (24%), 53 Mt (28%), 4525 kt (48%), 1388 kt (55%), and 1275 kt (46%) in 2020. India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh combined contributed 73, 57, 65, 67, and 69% of total CO, CO, PM, SO, and NO emissions, respectively, due to the large population. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had the second-highest emission intensity, mainly due to the high fuel consumption per capita. Unlike the emissions of the Pan-Third Pole in existing Asian inventories, dung cake combustion dominated total PM, SO, and NO emissions rather than firewood combustion with proportions of 54, 70, and 67%, respectively. The effect of altitude on combustion efficiencies increased PM emissions by about 21% from the region. The method and results can provide technical guidance for emission inventory refinement in the Pan-Third Pole and other regions.
作为泛第三极地区最大的排放源，居民固体燃料燃烧因其对与空气污染相关的健康影响而日益受到公众关注。本研究首先通过结合能源统计、燃料混合调查以及考虑不同燃料类型、炉灶类型和海拔高度的详细排放因子，开发了排放清单，实现了全区域覆盖，并将空间分辨率从 9×9km 提高到 1km×1km。2020 年，CO、CO、PM、SO 和 NO 的总排放量（变异系数）估计为 823Mt（24%）、53Mt（28%）、4525kt（48%）、1388kt（55%）和 1275kt（46%）。由于人口众多，印度、巴基斯坦和孟加拉国的排放量分别占 CO、CO、PM、SO 和 NO 总排放量的 73%、57%、65%、67%和 69%。青藏高原的排放强度居第二位，主要是由于人均燃料消耗高。与现有亚洲清单中的泛第三极排放不同，粪饼燃烧主导了总 PM、SO 和 NO 排放，而不是薪柴燃烧，其比例分别为 54%、70%和 67%。海拔对燃烧效率的影响使该地区的 PM 排放增加了约 21%。该方法和结果可为泛第三极和其他地区的排放清单精细化提供技术指导。
