Silvia Richard J, Lee Kelly C, Bostwick Jolene R, Cobb Carla D, Goldstone Lisa W, Moore Tera D, Payne Gregory H, Ho Jessica L
Professor of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, California.
Clinical Professor, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Ment Health Clin. 2020 Nov 5;10(6):346-353. doi: 10.9740/mhc.2020.11.346. eCollection 2020 Nov.
A comprehensive review of psychiatric pharmacy practice has never been performed in the United States. As psychiatric pharmacists become more involved in mental illness treatment, determining the current state of practice is important to help advance the specialty. The Professional Affairs Committee of the College of Psychiatric and Neurologic Pharmacists (CPNP) was charged with performing this review to define current psychiatric pharmacy practice.
An electronic survey was sent to all pharmacist members of CPNP and all nonmember Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacists (BCPPs) in the United States in late summer 2019. The survey consisted of 36 questions across multiple domains to obtain information about respondents' education and training background, practice setting and type, and information about prescriptive authority and other areas. An initial e-mail invitation was sent along with 2 reminder e-mails over the subsequent 2 weeks.
A total of 334 of 1015 pharmacists completed the survey (32.9%). Responders completed a postgraduate residency 77.8% of the time, and 88.3% were BCPP. Practice settings were split evenly between inpatient and outpatient practices or a combination of the 2. Among respondents, 46.5% reported having prescriptive authority as part of their practice, and 41.3% reported treating nonpsychiatric as well as psychiatric illnesses. Prescriptive authority was more likely in outpatient practices and in those treating nonpsychiatric illnesses.
The current practice of psychiatric pharmacy is incredibly varied in terms of practice setting, activities performed, and services provided. Further exploration is needed to help determine the optimal role of psychiatric pharmacists.
美国从未对精神科药学实践进行过全面综述。随着精神科药剂师越来越多地参与到精神疾病治疗中，确定当前的实践状况对于推动该专业发展至关重要。精神科和神经科药剂师学院（CPNP）的专业事务委员会负责进行此次综述，以界定当前的精神科药学实践。
2019年夏末，向美国CPNP的所有药剂师成员以及所有非成员的董事会认证精神科药剂师（BCPP）发送了电子调查问卷。该调查包含36个涵盖多个领域的问题，以获取有关受访者的教育和培训背景、实践环境和类型以及处方权和其他领域的信息。最初发送了一封电子邮件邀请，并在随后的两周内发送了2封提醒电子邮件。
1015名药剂师中共有334人完成了调查（32.9%）。77.8%的受访者完成了研究生住院实习，88.3%是BCPP。实践环境在住院和门诊实践或两者结合之间平均分配。在受访者中，46.5%报告在其实践中有处方权，41.3%报告治疗非精神科疾病以及精神科疾病。门诊实践以及治疗非精神科疾病的受访者更有可能拥有处方权。
精神科药学的当前实践在实践环境、开展的活动和提供的服务方面差异极大。需要进一步探索以帮助确定精神科药剂师的最佳角色。
