Prida Valentina, Sepúlveda Maritza, Quezada-Romegialli Claudio, Harrod Chris, Gomez-Uchida Daniel, Cid Beatriz, Canales-Aguirre Cristian B
Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile.
Núcleo Milenio de Salmónidos Invasores (INVASAL), Concepción 4030000, Chile.
Foods. 2020 Nov 19;9(11):1699. doi: 10.3390/foods9111699.
Species diagnosis is essential to assess the level of mislabeling or misnamed seafood products such as sushi. In Chile, sushi typically includes salmon as the main ingredient, but species used are rarely declared on the menu. In order to identify which species are included in the Chilean sushi market, we analyzed 84 individual sushi rolls sold as "salmon" from sushi outlets in ten cities across Chile. Using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol (PCR-RFLP), we identified mislabeled and misnamed products. Atlantic salmon was the most common salmonid fish used in sushi, followed by coho salmon, rainbow trout, and Chinook salmon. We found a total of 23% and 18% of the products were mislabeled and misnamed, respectively. In 64% of cases, the salesperson selling the product could not identify the species. We also identified the use of wild-captured Chinook salmon samples from a naturalized population. Our results provide a first indication regarding species composition in Chilean sushi, a quantification of mislabeling and the level of misinformation declared by sales people to consumers. Finally, considering that Chinook salmon likely originates from a non-licensed origin and that sushi is an uncooked product, proper identification in the food production chain may have important consequences for the health of consumers.
物种诊断对于评估寿司等海鲜产品的误贴标签或命名错误程度至关重要。在智利，寿司通常以三文鱼为主要原料，但菜单上很少标明所使用的物种。为了确定智利寿司市场上包含哪些物种，我们分析了智利十个城市寿司店中作为“三文鱼”出售的84个单个寿司卷。使用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方案（PCR-RFLP），我们识别出了贴错标签和命名错误的产品。大西洋三文鱼是寿司中最常用的鲑科鱼类，其次是银鲑、虹鳟和奇努克鲑。我们发现分别有23%和18%的产品贴错标签和命名错误。在64%的情况下，销售产品的销售人员无法识别物种。我们还识别出了来自归化种群的野生捕获奇努克鲑样本的使用情况。我们的结果首次表明了智利寿司中的物种组成、贴错标签的量化以及销售人员向消费者提供的错误信息水平。最后，考虑到奇努克鲑可能源自未经许可的来源且寿司是未经烹饪的产品，食品生产链中的正确识别可能对消费者健康产生重要影响。
