乌宗火山口的年轻“石油区”，是独特微生物生命的栖息地。
Young «oil site» of the Uzon Caldera as a habitat for unique microbial life.
机构信息
Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies of Federal research center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Aven., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
Kurchatov Genomics Center of Federal research center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 10 Lavrentiev Aven., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.
出版信息
BMC Microbiol. 2020 Nov 24;20(Suppl 2):349. doi: 10.1186/s12866-020-02012-1.
BACKGROUND
The Uzon Caldera is one of the places on our planet with unique geological, ecological, and microbiological characteristics. Uzon oil is the youngest on Earth. Uzon oil has unique composition, with low proportion of heavy fractions and relatively high content of saturated hydrocarbons. Microbial communities of the «oil site» have a diverse composition and live at high temperatures (up to 97 °C), significant oscillations of Eh and pH, and high content of sulfur, sulfides, arsenic, antimony, and mercury in water and rocks.
RESULTS
The study analyzed the composition, structure and unique genetics characteristics of the microbial communities of the oil site, analyzed the metabolic pathways in the communities. Metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon degradation by microorganisms have been found. The study found statistically significant relationships between geochemical parameters, taxonomic composition and the completeness of metabolic pathways. It was demonstrated that geochemical parameters determine the structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities.
CONCLUSIONS
There were statistically significant relationships between geochemical parameters, taxonomic composition, and the completeness of metabolic pathways. It was demonstrated that geochemical parameters define the structure and metabolic potential of microbial communities. Metabolic pathways of hydrocarbon oxidation was found to prevail in the studied communities, which corroborates the hypothesis on abiogenic synthesis of Uzon hydrothermal petroleum.
背景
乌宗火山口是地球上具有独特地质、生态和微生物特征的地方之一。乌宗石油是地球上最年轻的石油。乌宗石油具有独特的组成，重馏分比例低，饱和烃含量相对较高。“油区”的微生物群落组成多样，生活在高温（高达 97°C）、Eh 和 pH 值大幅波动、水中和岩石中硫、硫化物、砷、锑和汞含量高的环境中。
结果
本研究分析了油区微生物群落的组成、结构和独特的遗传特征，分析了群落中的代谢途径。发现了微生物降解烃类的代谢途径。研究发现，地球化学参数、分类组成和代谢途径的完整性之间存在统计学上显著的关系。结果表明，地球化学参数决定了微生物群落的结构和代谢潜力。
结论
地球化学参数、分类组成和代谢途径的完整性之间存在统计学上显著的关系。结果表明，地球化学参数决定了微生物群落的结构和代谢潜力。研究发现，所研究的群落中氧化烃类的代谢途径占优势，这证实了乌宗热液石油的非生物合成假说。
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