MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK; and Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK.
MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK; and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
Br J Psychiatry. 2021 Jun;218(6):334-343. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2020.242.
The COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures are likely to have a marked effect on mental health. It is important to use longitudinal data to improve inferences.
To quantify the prevalence of depression, anxiety and mental well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, to identify groups at risk of depression and/or anxiety during the pandemic.
Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) index generation (n = 2850, mean age 28 years) and parent generation (n = 3720, mean age 59 years), and Generation Scotland (n = 4233, mean age 59 years). Depression was measured with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in ALSPAC and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Generation Scotland. Anxiety and mental well-being were measured with the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.
Depression during the pandemic was similar to pre-pandemic levels in the ALSPAC index generation, but those experiencing anxiety had almost doubled, at 24% (95% CI 23-26%) compared with a pre-pandemic level of 13% (95% CI 12-14%). In both studies, anxiety and depression during the pandemic was greater in younger members, women, those with pre-existing mental/physical health conditions and individuals in socioeconomic adversity, even when controlling for pre-pandemic anxiety and depression.
These results provide evidence for increased anxiety in young people that is coincident with the pandemic. Specific groups are at elevated risk of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is important for planning current mental health provisions and for long-term impact beyond this pandemic.
COVID-19 大流行及其缓解措施可能对心理健康产生显著影响。利用纵向数据来提高推论是很重要的。
在 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间，定量评估抑郁、焦虑和心理健康的患病率。此外，还要确定在大流行期间有患抑郁和/或焦虑风险的人群。
数据来自阿冯纵向研究父母和儿童（ALSPAC）指数代（n=2850，平均年龄 28 岁）和父母代（n=3720，平均年龄 59 岁），以及苏格兰世代研究（n=4233，平均年龄 59 岁）。在 ALSPAC 中，使用短期情绪和感觉问卷测量抑郁，在苏格兰世代研究中，使用患者健康问卷-9 测量焦虑和心理健康。使用一般焦虑障碍评估-7 和短期沃里克-爱丁堡心理健康量表测量焦虑和心理健康。
在 ALSPAC 指数代中，大流行期间的抑郁与大流行前水平相似，但焦虑的人数几乎增加了一倍，为 24%（95%CI 23-26%），而大流行前为 13%（95%CI 12-14%）。在这两项研究中，年轻人、女性、有先前的精神/身体疾病状况和社会经济逆境的个体在大流行期间的焦虑和抑郁更为严重，即使在控制了大流行前的焦虑和抑郁的情况下也是如此。
这些结果提供了证据表明年轻人的焦虑情绪增加，与大流行同时发生。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，特定人群有患抑郁和焦虑的风险增加。这对于规划当前的心理健康服务以及大流行结束后的长期影响都很重要。
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