Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Sakatoon, SK, Canada.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2021 Jan;48(1):17-25. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2020.10.003. Epub 2020 Oct 24.
Various drugs administered to horses undergoing surgical procedures can release histamine. Histamine concentrations were evaluated in horses prepared for surgery and administered butorphanol or morphine intraoperative infusions.
Prospective studies with one randomized.
A total of 44 client-owned horses.
In one study, anesthesia was induced with xylazine followed by ketamine-diazepam. Anesthesia was maintained with guaifenesin-xylazine-ketamine (GXK) during surgical preparation. For surgery, isoflurane was administered with intravenous (IV) morphine (group M: 0.15 mg kg and 0.1 mg kg hour; 15 horses) or butorphanol (group B: 0.05 mg kg and 0.01 mg kg hour; 15 horses). Histamine and morphine concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay before opioid injection (time 0), and after 1, 2, 5, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. In a subsequent study, plasma histamine concentrations were measured in 14 horses before drug administration (baseline), 15 minutes after IV sodium penicillin and 15 minutes after starting GXK IV infusion. Statistical comparison was performed using anova for repeated measures. Pearson correlation compared morphine and histamine concentrations. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Significance was assumed when p ≤ 0.05.
With histamine, differences occurred between baseline (3.2 ± 2.4 ng mL) and GXK (5.2 ± 7.1 ng mL) and between baseline and time 0 in group B (11.9 ± 13.4 ng mL) and group M (11.1 ± 12.4 ng mL). No differences occurred between baseline and after penicillin or between groups M and B. Morphine concentrations were higher at 1 minute following injection (8.1 ± 5.1 ng mL) than at 30 minutes (4.9 ± 3.1 ng mL) and 60 minutes (4.0 ± 2.5 ng mL). Histamine correlated with morphine at 2, 30 and 60 minutes.
GXK increased histamine concentration, but concentrations were similar with morphine and butorphanol.
各种用于接受手术的马匹的药物都可能释放组胺。本研究评估了接受手术准备并术中输注布托啡诺或吗啡的马匹的组胺浓度。
前瞻性研究，随机分组。
共 44 匹客户所有的马。
在一项研究中，马使用二甲苯胺噻嗪诱导麻醉，然后使用氯胺酮-地西泮维持麻醉。在手术准备过程中使用愈创甘油醚-二甲苯胺噻嗪-氯胺酮（GXK）。对于手术，马匹使用静脉注射（IV）吗啡（组 M：0.15mg/kg 和 0.1mg/kg/h；15 匹马）或布托啡诺（组 B：0.05mg/kg 和 0.01mg/kg/h；15 匹马）。在注射阿片类药物前（时间 0）、1、2、5、30、60 和 90 分钟后，使用酶联免疫吸附试验测量组胺和吗啡浓度。在随后的研究中，在药物给药前（基线）、静脉注射青霉素钠后 15 分钟和开始静脉注射 GXK 后 15 分钟，测量 14 匹马的血浆组胺浓度。使用重复测量方差分析进行统计学比较。采用 Pearson 相关性比较吗啡和组胺浓度。数据以均数±标准差表示。当 p≤0.05 时，认为差异有统计学意义。
与基线（3.2±2.4ng/mL）相比，使用 GXK 时，马匹的组胺浓度有所升高（5.2±7.1ng/mL）；与基线相比，组 B（11.9±13.4ng/mL）和组 M（11.1±12.4ng/mL）的组胺浓度也有所升高。使用青霉素钠前后或组 M 和 B 之间的吗啡浓度无差异。注射后 1 分钟时，吗啡浓度高于 30 分钟（8.1±5.1ng/mL）和 60 分钟（4.9±3.1ng/mL）。组胺与吗啡在 2、30 和 60 分钟时呈正相关。
GXK 增加了组胺浓度，但吗啡和布托啡诺的浓度相似。
