Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, U.S.A.
School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2020 Dec 11;4(3):319-330. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20200164.
Implants have long been used in the field of drug delivery as controlled release vehicles and are now being investigated as single-shot vaccine technologies. Implants have shown great promise, minimizing the need for multiple immunizations while stimulating potent immune responses with reduced doses of vaccine. Synchronous release of vaccine components from implants over an appropriate period of time is important in order to avoid issues including immune tolerance, sequestration or deletion. Traditionally, implants require surgical implantation and removal, which can be a barrier to their widespread use. Degradable and in situ implants are now being developed that can be administered using minimally invasive subcutaneous or intramuscular injection techniques. Injectable hydrogels remain the most commonly studied approach for sustained vaccine delivery due to their ease of administration and tunable degradation properties. Despite exciting advancements in the field of vaccine implants, few technologies have progressed to clinical trials. To increase the likelihood of clinical translation of vaccine implants, strategic testing of disease-relevant antigens in appropriate species is essential. In this review, the significance of vaccine implants and the different types of implants being developed to deliver vaccines are discussed.
植入物在药物输送领域长期以来一直被用作控制释放载体，现在正在作为单次疫苗技术进行研究。植入物具有很大的应用前景，可最大程度地减少多次免疫的需求，同时用更少的疫苗剂量刺激强烈的免疫反应。为了避免包括免疫耐受、隔离或清除在内的问题，疫苗成分从植入物中在适当的时间内同步释放非常重要。传统上，植入物需要手术植入和取出，这可能成为其广泛应用的障碍。现在正在开发可降解和原位植入物，可通过微创的皮下或肌肉内注射技术进行给药。由于易于给药和可调节的降解特性，可注射水凝胶仍然是最常研究的用于持续疫苗输送的方法。尽管疫苗植入物领域取得了令人兴奋的进展，但很少有技术进展到临床试验阶段。为了提高疫苗植入物临床转化的可能性，在适当的物种中对与疾病相关的抗原进行战略性测试至关重要。在这篇综述中，讨论了疫苗植入物的重要性以及正在开发的用于输送疫苗的不同类型的植入物。
