Ghorbani Mahmood Reza, Ghanavati Navid, Babaenejad Timoor, Nazarpour Ahad, Payandeh Khoshnaz
Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Department of Geology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 24;15(11):e0242703. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242703. eCollection 2020.
The potential hazard to human health from exposure to heavy metals in surface soil was assessed using 66 soil samples collected from Ahvaz oil field. To this end, the contents of heavy metals were measured by the inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Mean levels of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were 5.9, 0.4, 7.1, 36.5, 41.2, 39.8, 67.4, 31.5, and 77.6 mg/kg, respectively. Contents of all studied heavy metals, with the exception of Co, Cr, and V, were several times higher than that of baselines. Correlation coefficients and principal component analysis (PCA) identified two main groups as sources of heavy metals in the surface soil of Ahvaz oil-field. Metals such as Co, Cr, and V were observed to originate from natural sources and As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn originated from anthropogenic sources such as petroleum leakage and the pollution caused by drilling mud from oil wells. Pb and Zn were of significantly high EF mean enrichment value, and Co, Cu, Cd, and As had high enrichment in surface soil. Pb, Cr, V, Zn, Co, Cu, Ni, and As had a low potential ecological risk (PER) whereas Cd had a moderate PER. The risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases was detected to be higher in children than in adults. The carcinogenic risk (Cr) calculation was more than 1 × 10-6 for children and adults. Additionally, the CR of Cr for both children and adults indicated risk under control conditions.
利用从阿瓦士油田采集的66个土壤样本，评估了地表土壤中重金属对人体健康的潜在危害。为此，采用电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP - OES）测定了重金属含量。砷、镉、钴、铬、铜、镍、铅、钒和锌的平均含量分别为5.9、0.4、7.1、36.5、41.2、39.8、67.4、31.5和77.6毫克/千克。除钴、铬和钒外，所有研究的重金属含量均比基线高出数倍。相关系数和主成分分析（PCA）确定了阿瓦士油田地表土壤中重金属的两个主要来源组。观察到钴、铬和钒等金属源自自然源，而砷、镉、铜、镍、铅和锌源自人为源，如石油泄漏和油井钻井泥浆造成的污染。铅和锌的EF平均富集值显著较高，钴、铜、镉和砷在表层土壤中富集程度较高。铅、铬、钒、锌、钴、铜、镍和砷的潜在生态风险（PER）较低，而镉的PER为中等。检测到儿童患致癌和非致癌疾病的风险高于成人。儿童和成人的致癌风险（Cr）计算值均超过1×10⁻⁶。此外，儿童和成人的铬致癌风险在可控条件下均表明存在风险。
