Tabarani Ahmed, Zinedine Abdellah, Bouchriti Nourredine, Abdennebi El Hassane
Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine (IAV), BP 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Morocco.
Chouaib Doukkali University, Faculty of Sciences BO. Box 20, BIOMARE Laboratory, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnologies, El Jadida 24000, Morocco.
Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109464. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109464. Epub 2020 Jun 20.
Previous studies reported the contamination of cereals products with OTA in Morocco. Given bread, pasta and semolina are staple consumed food in the country, this study aims to assess the OTA exposure levels for the adult consumers in the country through cereal derivatives intake, by using a deterministic model based on the crossover of consumption and contamination data of 457 cereals products samples. The study also set out to determine under what conditions the OTA contributions from these 3 cereal derivatives alone were enough to cause a real public health problem in the country. The Estimated Weekly Intake EWI (ng/kg b.w./week) was used as an indicator of exposure for each cereal derivative. The global exposure (Total EWI) was determined by the summation of the EWI obtained for each cereal derivative for different consumers groups and at different OTA levels and nine scenarios were elaborated. Results showed that the total average OTA intake from the three cereal derivatives was estimated at 13.5 ng/kg b.w./week. Despite its low contamination levels, bread has been shown to be the main vector of exposure to OTA because of the high consumption levels by Moroccan adults. Its contribution to the total OTA intake was between 81 and 84% depending on the scenario. The contribution of the other investigated cereal products to total OTA intake seems to be modest and does not exceed 10% and 7% for semolina and pasta, respectively. The predominance of cereal derivatives in Moroccan food thus constitutes a potential risk factor for OTA exposure. Indeed, the risk of occurrence of potential adverse effects of OTA is real in three scenarios discussed in the study since the PTWI established by JECFA (100 ng/kg b.w./week) was exceeded. Moreover, the Maximum limit (3 ng/g) set by Moroccan regulations in 2016, seems to be less protective for the Moroccan consumers compared to other countries due to the high consumption level of cereal products. This situation is likely to cause a public health problem by the occurrence of specific pathologies at highly OTA exposed adults, especially high bread consumers.
先前的研究报道了摩洛哥谷物产品受赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）污染的情况。鉴于面包、意大利面和粗粒小麦粉是该国的主要消费食品，本研究旨在通过谷物制品摄入量，运用基于457份谷物产品样本消费与污染数据交叉分析的确定性模型，评估该国成年消费者的OTA暴露水平。该研究还着手确定在何种条件下，仅这三种谷物制品中的OTA贡献就足以在该国引发实际的公共卫生问题。估计每周摄入量（EWI，纳克/千克体重/周）被用作每种谷物制品的暴露指标。通过对不同消费群体、不同OTA水平下每种谷物制品的EWI求和来确定总体暴露量（总EWI），并详细阐述了九种情况。结果显示，三种谷物制品的OTA总平均摄入量估计为13.5纳克/千克体重/周。尽管面包的污染水平较低，但由于摩洛哥成年人的高消费量，它已被证明是OTA暴露的主要载体。根据不同情况，其对OTA总摄入量的贡献在81%至84%之间。其他受调查谷物产品对OTA总摄入量的贡献似乎不大，粗粒小麦粉和意大利面分别不超过10%和7%。因此，谷物制品在摩洛哥食品中的主导地位构成了OTA暴露的潜在风险因素。事实上，在该研究讨论的三种情况下，OTA发生潜在不良反应的风险是真实存在的，因为超过了食品添加剂联合专家委员会制定的暂定每周耐受摄入量（PTWI，100纳克/千克体重/周）。此外，与其他国家相比，摩洛哥2016年法规设定的最大限量（3纳克/克）对摩洛哥消费者的保护作用似乎较小，因为谷物产品的消费水平较高。这种情况可能会因OTA高暴露成年人，尤其是高面包消费量人群出现特定病理状况而引发公共卫生问题。
