Pervaiz Irfan, Saleem Hammad, Sarfraz Muhammad, Imran Tousif Muhammad, Khurshid Umair, Ahmad Saeed, Zengin Gokhan, Ibrahime Sinan Kouadio, Locatelli Marcello, Mahomoodally Fawzi M, Asnawi Zainal Abidin Syafiq, Ahemad Nafees
Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Pakistan.
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Food Res Int. 2020 Nov;137:109606. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109606. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
Calligonum polygonoides L. also known as famine food plant, is normally consumed in times of food scarcity in India and Pakistan and also used traditionally in the management of common diseases. The present design aims to provide an insight into the medicinal potential of four solvent extracts of C. polygonoides via an assessment of its phytochemical profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Phytochemical composition was estimated by deducing total bioactive constituents, UHPLC-MS secondary metabolites profile, and HPLC phenolic quantification. Antioxidant potential was determined via six methods (radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant capacity and metal chelation activity). Enzyme inhibitory potential was assessed against clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase -AChE, butyrylcholinesterase -BChE, tyrosinase, and α-amylase). The highest amounts of phenolic contents were found in chloroform extract (76.59 mg GAE/g extract) which may be attributed to its higher radical scavenging, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition potential. The n-butanol extract containing the maximum amount of flavonoids (55.84 mg RE/g extract) exhibited highest metal chelating capacity. Similarly, the n-hexane extract was found to be most active against AChE (4.65 mg GALAE/g extract), BChE (6.59 mg GALAE/g extract), and α-amylase (0.70 mmol ACAE/g extract) enzymes. Secondary metabolite assessment of the crude methanol extract as determined by UHPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 (negative ionization mode) and 15 (positive ionization mode) secondary metabolites, with most of them belonging to phenolic, flavonoids, terpene, and alkaloid groups. Moreover, gallic acid and naringenin were the main phenolics quantified by HPLC-PDA analysis in all the tested extracts (except n-butanol extract). PCA statistical analysis was also conducted to establish any possible relationship amongst bioactive contents and biological activities. Overall, the C. polygonoides extracts could be further considered to isolate bioactive enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant natural phytocompounds.
沙拐枣，也被称为饥荒食用植物，在印度和巴基斯坦粮食短缺时通常被食用，并且在传统医学中也用于治疗常见疾病。本研究旨在通过评估沙拐枣四种溶剂提取物的植物化学特征、抗氧化和酶抑制潜力，深入了解其药用潜力。通过推导总生物活性成分、超高效液相色谱-质谱联用（UHPLC-MS）次生代谢产物谱以及高效液相色谱（HPLC）酚类定量分析来估计植物化学成分。通过六种方法（自由基清除法（DPPH和ABTS）、还原能力（FRAP和CUPRAC）、磷钼酸总抗氧化能力和金属螯合活性）测定抗氧化潜力。针对临床酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶-AChE、丁酰胆碱酯酶-BChE、酪氨酸酶和α-淀粉酶）评估酶抑制潜力。氯仿提取物中酚类含量最高（76.59毫克没食子酸当量/克提取物），这可能归因于其较高的自由基清除能力、还原能力和酪氨酸酶抑制潜力。含有最大量黄酮类化合物的正丁醇提取物（55.84毫克芦丁当量/克提取物）表现出最高的金属螯合能力。同样，正己烷提取物对AChE（4.65毫克加兰他敏当量/克提取物）、BChE（6.59毫克加兰他敏当量/克提取物）和α-淀粉酶（0.70毫摩尔阿卡波糖当量/克提取物）酶的活性最强。通过UHPLC-MS分析对粗甲醇提取物进行次生代谢产物评估，结果显示存在24种（负离子模式）和15种（正离子模式）次生代谢产物，其中大多数属于酚类、黄酮类、萜类和生物碱类。此外，没食子酸和柚皮素是通过HPLC-PDA分析在所有测试提取物（除正丁醇提取物外）中定量的主要酚类物质。还进行了主成分分析（PCA）统计分析，以确定生物活性成分与生物活性之间的任何可能关系。总体而言，沙拐枣提取物可进一步考虑用于分离具有生物活性的酶抑制和抗氧化天然植物化合物。
