Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy, University of Chenab, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
Molecules. 2022 Oct 14;27(20):6885. doi: 10.3390/molecules27206885.
Plants of the genus have notable use in folklore medicines as well as being used for pharmacological purposes. The present work explored the biological predispositions of and attempted to accomplish a comprehensive chemical profile through GC-MS of different fractions concerning polarity (chloroform and -butanol) and LC-ESI-MS of methanolic extract by both positive and negative ionization modes. The biological characteristics such as antioxidant potential were assessed by applying six different methods. The potential for clinically relevant enzyme (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase) inhibition was examined. The DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and FRAP results revealed that the methanol fraction presented efficient results. The phosphomolybdenum assay revealed that the -hexane fraction showed the most efficient results, while maximum metal chelation potential was observed for the chloroform fraction. The GC-MS profiling of -butanol and chloroform fractions revealed the existence of several (110) important compounds presenting different classes (fatty acids, phenols, alkanes, monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, and sterols), while LC-ESI-MS tentatively identified the presence of 44 clinically important secondary metabolites. The -hexane fraction exhibited the highest potential against α-amylase (497.98 mm ACAE/g extract) and α-glucosidase (605.85 mm ACAE/g extract). Significant inhibitory activity against tyrosinase enzyme was displayed by fraction. Six of the prevailing compounds from the GC-MS study (lupeol, beta-amyrin, stigmasterol, gamma sitosterol, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, and -hexadecanoic acid) were modelled against α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes along with a comparison of binding affinity to standard acarbose, while three compounds identified through LC-ESI-MS were docked to the mushroom tyrosinase enzyme and presented with significant biding affinities. Thus, it is assumed that demonstrated effective antioxidant and enzyme inhibition prospects with effective bioactive molecules, potentially opening the door to a new application in the field of medicine.
属植物在民间医学中具有显著的用途，同时也被用于药理学目的。本工作探索了 的生物学倾向，并尝试通过 GC-MS 对不同极性（氯仿和 - 丁醇）的馏分以及通过正、负离子模式的 LC-ESI-MS 对甲醇提取物进行全面的化学分析。通过应用六种不同的方法评估了抗氧化潜力等生物学特性。还检查了与临床相关的酶（α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和酪氨酸酶）抑制的潜力。DPPH、ABTS、CUPRAC 和 FRAP 结果表明甲醇馏分具有高效的效果。磷钼酸盐法表明 - 己烷馏分显示出最有效的结果，而氯仿馏分则表现出最大的金属螯合潜力。- 丁醇和氯仿馏分的 GC-MS 分析表明存在几种（110）重要化合物，呈现出不同的类别（脂肪酸、酚类、烷烃、单萜、二萜、倍半萜和固醇），而 LC-ESI-MS 则初步鉴定出存在 44 种具有临床重要性的次生代谢物。- 己烷馏分对 α-淀粉酶（497.98 mm ACAE/g 提取物）和 α-葡萄糖苷酶（605.85 mm ACAE/g 提取物）表现出最高的潜力。馏分对酪氨酸酶表现出显著的抑制活性。GC-MS 研究中的六种主要化合物（羽扇豆醇、β-香树脂醇、豆甾醇、γ-谷甾醇、9,12-十八碳二烯酸和 - 十六烷酸）与标准阿卡波糖一起针对 α-葡萄糖苷酶和 α-淀粉酶进行建模，并比较了与标准阿卡波糖的结合亲和力，而通过 LC-ESI-MS 鉴定的三种化合物与蘑菇酪氨酸酶结合并呈现出显著的结合亲和力。因此，可以假设 具有有效的抗氧化和酶抑制前景，并具有有效的生物活性分子，有可能为医学领域的新应用开辟道路。
