Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Nov 21;18(11):580. doi: 10.3390/md18110580.
The class EC 5.xx, a group of enzymes that interconvert optical, geometric, or positional isomers are interesting biocatalysts for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical intermediates. This class, named "isomerases," can transform cheap biomolecules into expensive isomers with suitable stereochemistry useful in synthetic medicinal chemistry, and interesting cases of production of l-ribose, d-psicose, lactulose, and d-phenylalanine are known. However, in two published reports about potential biocatalysts of marine origin, isomerases are hardly mentioned. Therefore, it is of interest to deepen the knowledge of these biocatalysts from the marine environment with this specialized in-depth analysis conducted using a literature search without time limit constraints. In this review, the focus is dedicated mainly to example applications in biocatalysis that are not numerous confirming the general view previously reported. However, from this overall literature analysis, curiosity-driven scientific interest for marine isomerases seems to have been long-standing. However, the major fields in which application examples are framed are placed at the cutting edge of current biotechnological development. Since these enzymes can offer properties of industrial interest, this will act as a promoter for future studies of marine-originating isomerases in applied biocatalysis.
EC5.xx 类酶是一组能够相互转化光学异构体、几何异构体或位置异构体的酶，是合成药物和药物中间体的有趣生物催化剂。这一类酶被称为“异构酶”，可以将廉价的生物分子转化为具有合适立体化学的昂贵异构体，这些异构体在合成药物化学中非常有用，并且已经有生产 l-核糖、d-阿洛酮糖、乳果糖和 d-苯丙氨酸的有趣案例。然而，在两份关于海洋来源潜在生物催化剂的已发表报告中，异构酶几乎没有被提及。因此，通过使用无时间限制的文献检索进行专门的深入分析，深入了解海洋环境中的这些生物催化剂是很有意义的。在这篇综述中，重点主要放在生物催化应用的例子上，这些例子并不多，这证实了之前报道的普遍观点。然而，从整体文献分析来看，人们对海洋异构酶的好奇心驱动的科学兴趣似乎由来已久。然而，应用实例所涉及的主要领域处于当前生物技术发展的前沿。由于这些酶可以提供具有工业应用价值的特性，这将促进未来对海洋来源异构酶在应用生物催化中的研究。
