Dubovik Vsevolod, Dalinova Anna, Berestetskiy Alexander
All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Podbelskogo St., 3, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg 196608, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Nov 21;9(11):1621. doi: 10.3390/plants9111621.
The use of many fungal phytotoxins as natural herbicides is still limited because they cannot penetrate leaf cuticle without injury and a little is known on their selectivity. In order to assess the herbicidal potential of phytotoxic 10-membered lactones (stagonolide A, stagonolide K, and herbarumin I), the selection of adjuvants, the evaluation of selectivity of the toxins and the efficacy of their formulations were performed. Among four adjuvants tested, Hasten™ (0.1%, /) increased phytotoxic activity of all the toxins assayed on non-punctured leaf discs of . When assayed on intact leaf fragments of 18 plants species, 10 species were low to moderately sensitive to stagonolide A, while just five and three species were sensitive to stagonolide K and herbarumin I, respectively. Both leaf damage or addition of Hasten™ (0.1%) to the formulations of the compounds considerably increased or altered the sensitivity of plants to the toxins. Stagonolide A was shown to be non-selective phytotoxin. The selectivity profile of stagonolide K and herbarumin I depended on the leaf wounding or the adjuvant addition. Stagonolide A and herbarumin I formulated in 0.5% Hasten™ showed considerable herbicidal effect on aerial shoots. This study supported the potential of the oil-based adjuvant Hasten™ to increase the herbicidal efficacy of natural phytotoxins.
许多真菌植物毒素作为天然除草剂的应用仍然有限，因为它们无法在不造成伤害的情况下穿透叶片角质层，而且人们对其选择性了解甚少。为了评估具有植物毒性的10元内酯（stagonolide A、stagonolide K和herbarumin I）的除草潜力，开展了佐剂的筛选、毒素选择性评估及其制剂效果评估。在所测试的四种佐剂中，Hasten™（0.1%，/）提高了所有毒素在未穿刺的叶盘上的植物毒性活性。在对18种植物的完整叶片片段进行测试时，10种植物对stagonolide A低至中度敏感，而对stagonolide K和herbarumin I敏感的植物分别只有5种和3种。叶片损伤或在化合物制剂中添加Hasten™（0.1%）均显著增加或改变了植物对毒素的敏感性。Stagonolide A被证明是一种非选择性植物毒素。Stagonolide K和herbarumin I的选择性特征取决于叶片损伤情况或佐剂添加情况。以0.5% Hasten™配制的Stagonolide A和herbarumin I对地上部分显示出相当大的除草效果。这项研究证实了油基佐剂Hasten™提高天然植物毒素除草效果的潜力。
