Comprehensive Comparison of Two Color Varieties of Perillae Folium Using Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadruple-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (RRLC-Q/TOF-MS)-Based Metabolic Profile and / Anti-Oxidative Activity.

Perillae Folium (PF), which is extensively used as a dietary vegetable and medicinal herb, contains two varietal forms corresponding to purple perilla leaf ( var. ) and green perilla leaf ( var. ). However, the components and efficacy of different PF varieties remain underexplored so far. In the present work, a nontargeted rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-Q/TOF-MS)-based metabolomics approach was developed to investigate the difference in the chemical compositions between green PF and purple PF. A total of 71 compounds were identified or tentatively identified, among which 7 phenolic acids, 10 flavonoids, and 9 anthocyanins were characterized as differential metabolites. In addition, heatmap visualization and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQ-MS/MS)-based quantitative analysis revealed that flavonoids and anthocyanins especially had higher contents in purple PF. Furthermore, the anti-oxidative activities of two varietal PFs were evaluated zebrafish and in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed that the purple PF had more pronounced anti-oxidative activities than did the green PF, which may be due to the presence of anthocyanins and a higher concentration of flavonoids in its phytochemical profile. The outcome of the present study is expected to provide useful insight on the comprehensive utilization of a PF resource.