Biodiversidad, Ecología y Gestión Ambiental en Agroecosistemas (BIOEGA), Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA), De los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Biodiversidad, Ecología y Gestión Ambiental en Agroecosistemas (BIOEGA), Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CNIA), De los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto s/n, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Mar 10;759:143435. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143435. Epub 2020 Nov 9.
Agricultural expansion and intensification has led globally to a rapid landscape structure change and high agrochemical use resulting in habitat loss and degraded environmental quality. Co-occurrence of landscape change and agrochemical contamination threatens biodiversity and might have interactive effects especially for organisms with complex life-cycles such as amphibians. We evaluated effects of landscape structure and agrochemical contamination at different spatial scales on anurans in Entre Rios, Argentina. We selected 35 independent stream headwaters along an agricultural expansion and intensification gradient. We conducted anuran call surveys from spring 2012 to summer 2013 and obtained detection-non detection data to estimate mean richness and focal species occupancy. We quantified forest area and riparian forest width at two spatial scales (sub-basin and local reach scale). We measured nutrients and pesticides in water and sediment. We evaluated anuran response to landscape and contamination variables using GLMs for richness and single season single-species occupancy models for focal species. Anuran diversity increased with forest area and riparian forest width, and decreased at sites with herbicide and nutrient contamination, particularly glyphosate; 2,4-D and nitrates. Also, most focal frog species responded mainly to basin forest and 2,4-D. Negative effects of agrochemical contamination on anuran diversity was mitigated in areas with larger basin forest cover. Agricultural management should ensure the reduction of herbicide and fertilizer use, the sparing of adequate forested habitat within drainage areas, and preservation of riparian forests around anuran breeding habitat to reduce and mitigate the negative effects of agrochemical contamination on anurans diversity in agroecosystems.
农业扩张和集约化在全球范围内导致了景观结构的快速变化和高农用化学品的使用，从而导致了栖息地的丧失和环境质量的退化。景观变化和农用化学品污染的共同发生威胁着生物多样性，并且可能对具有复杂生命周期的生物，如两栖动物，产生交互影响。我们评估了景观结构和农用化学品污染在不同空间尺度上对阿根廷恩特雷里奥斯的无尾目动物的影响。我们沿着农业扩张和集约化梯度选择了 35 个独立的溪流源头。我们从 2012 年春季到 2013 年夏季进行了无尾目动物的鸣叫调查，并获得了检测-未检测数据，以估计平均丰富度和焦点物种占有率。我们在两个空间尺度（流域和局部河段尺度）量化了森林面积和河岸林宽度。我们测量了水中和沉积物中的养分和农药。我们使用 GLM 评估了丰富度和单一季节单一物种占有率模型对焦点物种的无尾目动物对景观和污染变量的反应。无尾目动物的多样性随着森林面积和河岸林宽度的增加而增加，在有除草剂和营养物污染的地方减少，特别是草甘膦；2,4-D 和硝酸盐。此外，大多数焦点青蛙物种主要对流域森林和 2,4-D 作出反应。在具有较大流域森林覆盖的地区，农用化学品污染对无尾目动物多样性的负面影响得到了缓解。农业管理应确保减少除草剂和肥料的使用，在流域内留出足够的森林栖息地，保护无尾目动物繁殖栖息地周围的河岸林，以减少和减轻农用化学品污染对农业生态系统中无尾目动物多样性的负面影响。
