Triana Velásquez Teófila María, Bernal Bautista Manuel Hernando
Grupo de Herpetología, Eco-Fisiología & Etología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia.
Ecotoxicology. 2025 Apr;34(3):392-400. doi: 10.1007/s10646-024-02843-y. Epub 2025 Feb 1.
The use of pesticides has notably increased in recent years globally. However, sensitive organisms exposed to these environmental pollutants, such as amphibians, may experience adverse effects. The insecticide imidacloprid (IM) and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are two pesticides commonly used in Colombia, but their toxic impacts on tropical anurans remain poorly understood. In this study, we tested the acute toxic effects of IM and 2,4-D on the survival, total length, and burst swimming speed of tadpoles from two anuran species. Under laboratory conditions, the tadpoles of Boana platanera and Engystomops pustulosus were independently exposed to each pesticide for 96 h. We found that the tadpoles of E. pustulosus were more sensitive to both IM and 2,4-D than those of B. platanera. However, the LC values were higher than the reported field concentrations for these pesticides. IM led to a reduction in the total length of B. platanera tadpoles and induced total immobility in surviving individuals of both species. In contrast, the herbicide 2,4-D did not affect the total length or the swimming speed of tadpoles from the two species. In conclusion, based on the results and the reported field concentrations, IM and 2,4-D are not lethal to the studied anurans. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that IM caused strong negative sublethal effects on tadpoles, which could compromise their survival in the future. Finally, we also found that the insecticide IM showed notably greater toxicity to the tested species than did the herbicide 2,4-D.
近年来，全球范围内农药的使用显著增加。然而，接触这些环境污染物的敏感生物，如两栖动物，可能会受到不利影响。杀虫剂吡虫啉（IM）和除草剂2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）是哥伦比亚常用的两种农药，但它们对热带无尾两栖动物的毒性影响仍知之甚少。在本研究中，我们测试了IM和2,4-D对两种无尾两栖动物蝌蚪的存活、全长和爆发式游泳速度的急性毒性作用。在实验室条件下，将斑腿泛树蛙和脓疱姬蛙的蝌蚪分别暴露于每种农药中96小时。我们发现，脓疱姬蛙的蝌蚪比斑腿泛树蛙的蝌蚪对IM和2,4-D都更敏感。然而，致死浓度值高于这些农药的报告田间浓度。IM导致斑腿泛树蛙蝌蚪的全长减小，并使两个物种存活个体完全不动。相比之下，除草剂2,4-D对这两个物种蝌蚪的全长或游泳速度没有影响。总之，根据研究结果和报告的田间浓度，IM和2,4-D对所研究的无尾两栖动物不具有致死性。然而，必须考虑到IM对蝌蚪产生了强烈的负亚致死效应，这可能会在未来危及它们的生存。最后，我们还发现，杀虫剂IM对受试物种的毒性明显大于除草剂2,4-D。
