Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2020 Nov 25;10(1):20586. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77312-7.
Remediation of soils contaminated with metal must ensure high efficiency of metals removal, reduce bioavailability of residual metals and decrease ecological risk. Thus, for comprehensive environmental soil quality assessment, different indices must be used. In this study, suitability of 8 indices was used for soil highly contaminated with Cu (7874.5 mg kg), moderately with Pb (1414.3 mg kg) and low with Zn (566.1 mg kg), washed in batch and dynamic conditions with both conventional and next-generation washing agents. The following indices were used: modified contamination factor (mC), modified contamination factor degree (mC), mobility factor (MF), reduced partition index (IR), potential ecological risk factor (E), modified potential ecological risk factor (E), potential ecological risk index (RI) and modified ecological risk index (RI). For mC mC and IR own classification scale was proposed. It was proven that most useful indices for assessment of soil pollution with metals were mC and mC. The mCtogether with the IR allow to simultaneous assessment of soil pollution and stability for individual metals. These indices were appropriate for soil contaminated with different concentrations of metals, washed under both hydrodynamic conditions using various washing agents and different effectiveness of metals removal. Thus, they may be considered as most useful for evaluation of remediation method, feasibility of washing agent and assessing soil quality after washing.
受金属污染的土壤修复必须确保高效去除金属，降低残留金属的生物有效性并降低生态风险。因此，对于全面的环境土壤质量评估，必须使用不同的指标。在这项研究中，使用了 8 种指标来评估高度污染的 Cu（7874.5 mg/kg）、中度污染的 Pb（1414.3 mg/kg）和轻度污染的 Zn（566.1 mg/kg）土壤，采用批式和动态条件，使用传统和下一代洗脱剂进行洗脱。使用的指标如下：改良污染因子（mC）、改良污染因子程度（mC）、迁移因子（MF）、减少分配指数（IR）、潜在生态风险因子（E）、改良潜在生态风险因子（E）、潜在生态风险指数（RI）和改良生态风险指数（RI）。对于 mC 和 IR，提出了分类尺度。研究证明，评估金属污染土壤最有用的指标是 mC 和 mC。mC 与 IR 可同时评估个别金属的土壤污染和稳定性。这些指标适用于不同浓度金属污染的土壤，在使用各种洗脱剂和不同洗脱效率的水动力条件下进行洗脱。因此，它们可以被认为是评估修复方法、洗脱剂可行性以及洗脱后土壤质量的最有用指标。
