Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Waste Science and Technology, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 7;18(24):12875. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182412875.
This paper presents experimental results from the use of biosurfactants in the remediation of a soil from a smelter in Poland. In the soil, concentrations of Cu (1659.1 mg/kg) and Pb (290.8 mg/kg) exceeded the limit values. Triple batch washing was tested as a soil treatment. Three main variants were used, each starting with a different plant-derived (saponin, S; tannic acid, T) or microbial (rhamnolipids, R) biosurfactant solution in the first washing, followed by 9 different sequences using combinations of the tested biosurfactants (27 in total). The efficiency of the washing was determined based on the concentration of metal removed after each washing (C), the cumulative removal efficiency (E) and metal stability (calculated as the reduced partition index, I, based on the metal fractions from BCR sequential extraction). The type of biosurfactant sequence influenced the C values. The variants that began with S and R had the highest average E for Cu and Pb, respectively. The E value correlated very strongly (r > 0.8) with the stability of the residual metals in the soil. The average E and stability of Cu were the highest, 87.4% and 0.40, respectively, with the S-S-S, S-S-T, S-S-R and S-R-T sequences. Lead removal and stability were the highest, 64-73% and 0.36-0.41, respectively, with the R-R-R, R-R-S, R-S-R and R-S-S sequences. Although the loss of biosurfactants was below 10% after each washing, sequential washing with biosurfactants enriched the soil with external organic carbon by an average of 27-fold (S-first variant), 24-fold (R first) or 19-fold (T first). With regard to environmental limit values, metal stability and organic carbon resources, sequential washing with different biosurfactants is a beneficial strategy for the remediation of smelter-contaminated soil with given properties.
本文介绍了在波兰一家冶炼厂土壤修复中使用生物表面活性剂的实验结果。土壤中铜（1659.1mg/kg）和铅（290.8mg/kg）的浓度超过了限值。三重批量洗涤被测试为一种土壤处理方法。使用了三种主要变体，每个变体都从不同的植物衍生（皂苷，S；鞣酸，T）或微生物（鼠李糖脂，R）生物表面活性剂溶液开始，然后在第一次洗涤后使用测试生物表面活性剂的 9 种不同组合序列（总共 27 种）。洗涤效率基于每次洗涤后去除的金属浓度（C）、累积去除效率（E）和金属稳定性（根据 BCR 顺序提取的金属分数计算为减少分配指数，I）来确定。生物表面活性剂序列的类型影响 C 值。以 S 和 R 开头的变体对 Cu 和 Pb 的平均 E 最高。E 值与土壤中残留金属的稳定性密切相关（r>0.8）。Cu 的平均 E 和稳定性最高，分别为 87.4%和 0.40，与 S-S-S、S-S-T、S-S-R 和 S-R-T 序列相关。Pb 的去除率和稳定性最高，分别为 64-73%和 0.36-0.41，与 R-R-R、R-R-S、R-S-R 和 R-S-S 序列相关。尽管每次洗涤后生物表面活性剂的损失低于 10%，但用生物表面活性剂顺序洗涤会使土壤中外部有机碳平均富集 27 倍（S-第一个变体）、24 倍（R 第一个）或 19 倍（T 第一个）。就环境限值、金属稳定性和有机碳资源而言，用不同的生物表面活性剂进行顺序洗涤是一种有益的策略，适用于处理具有特定性质的冶炼厂污染土壤。
