Department of Motor, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
University eCampus, Department of Psychology, Novedrate (Como), Italy.
J Sports Sci Med. 2020 Nov 19;19(4):703-713. eCollection 2020 Dec.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of 6-weeks accentuated eccentric training, using a rotary inertial device, on range of motion, assessed with Inter Malleolar Distance test, anthropometry, lower limb explosive and reactive strength, assessed with Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump and 7-Repeated Hop tests, in young elite fencers. Moreover, the effects on hamstring eccentric strength and two technical fencing movements, lunge and advance-advance lunge, were evaluated with motion analysis. The second aim was to evaluate the duration of the accentuated eccentric training residual effects, 6 weeks after the end of the training. Fifty-four male fencers were randomly assigned either to the Inertial Group (IG; n = 26; aged 17.3 ± 1.9 years) such as experimental group, or to the Plyometric Group (PG; n = 28; aged 17.6 ± 2.7 years) such as control group. IG carried out four exercises using the rotary inertial device attached to their waist by a rope. PG carried out several plyometric exercises at the same time in which the IG performed the accentuated eccentric training. MANOVA showed significant improvements in the vertical jumps height post training, with no differences between IG and PG. Significant improvements for technical movements, lunge distance (p = 0.006) and advance-advance lunge distance (p = 0.00005), were found within-group and between-groups (p = 0.00001), with higher improvements in IG than in PG. The univariate analysis showed a significant improvement in lower limb range of motion with higher increase in IG than in PG. The main findings were the significant improvement in lunge and advance-advance lunge distance, maintaining with the same execution time. These results suggested that it is important to apply accentuated eccentric load on specific sport movements.
这项研究的目的是评估使用旋转惯性装置进行 6 周强化离心训练对运动范围的影响，使用内踝距离测试进行评估，对人体测量学、下肢爆发力和反应力进行评估，使用深蹲跳、反向跳和 7 次重复跳测试，在年轻的精英击剑手中。此外，还使用运动分析评估了对腘绳肌离心强度和两个技术击剑动作（弓步和前进-前进弓步）的影响。第二个目的是评估强化离心训练的残余效果的持续时间，即在训练结束后的 6 周后。54 名男性击剑手被随机分配到惯性组（IG；n = 26；年龄 17.3 ± 1.9 岁），作为实验组，或到增强式训练组（PG；n = 28；年龄 17.6 ± 2.7 岁），作为对照组。IG 通过绳子将旋转惯性装置固定在腰部，完成四项练习。PG 同时进行多项增强式练习，IG 进行强化离心训练。MANOVA 显示，垂直跳跃高度在训练后有显著提高，IG 和 PG 之间没有差异。技术动作，弓步距离（p = 0.006）和前进-前进弓步距离（p = 0.00005）有显著提高，组内和组间均有提高（p = 0.00001），IG 的提高幅度高于 PG。单变量分析显示，下肢运动范围有显著改善，IG 的增加幅度高于 PG。主要发现是弓步和前进-前进弓步距离的显著提高，同时保持相同的执行时间。这些结果表明，对特定运动动作施加强化离心负荷很重要。
