Arboix-Alió Jordi, Buscà Bernat, Sebastiani Enric M, Aguilera-Castells Joan, Marcaida Sergio, Garcia Eroles Luis, Sánchez López María José
Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport Blanquerna, Ramon LLull University, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Physical Education, Escola Sagrada Familia Urgell (Barcelona, Spain), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
PeerJ. 2020 Nov 18;8:e10365. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10365. eCollection 2020.
Physical fitness is considered an important indicator of health in adolescents. However, in recent years several studies in the scientific literature have shown a considerable lower trend and an alarming worsening of the current adolescents' physical condition when comparing with previous decades, especially in urban populations. The aim of the current study was to analyse the temporal trend in cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) in urban Catalan adolescents over a 20-year period (1999-2019).
A cross-sectional analysis study considering the 20-m Shuttle Run test (SRT) results obtained in the last 20 years was carried out. 1,701 adolescents between 15 and 16 years old (914 boys and 787 girls) were divided into four groups, corresponding to consecutive periods of five years (Group 1: 1999-2004; Group 2: 2005-2009; Group 3: 2010-2014 and Group 4: 2015-2019). ANOVA was used to test the period effect on CRE and post hoc Bonferroni analysis was performed to test pairwise differences between groups ( < 0.05).
Results showed a significantly lower performance in CRE in both sexes. The percentual negative difference was 0.67%, 9.6% and 7% for boys and 5.06%, 14.97% and 9.41% for girls, when comparing the performance in 20-m Shuttle Run test for the first period, respectively.
Results suggest that the physical fitness of Catalan urban adolescents is lower in both sexes when comparing the different analysed periods of time. Therefore, CRE adolescents should be improved in order to help to protect against cardiovascular disease and other health risks in adulthood.
体能被视为青少年健康的一项重要指标。然而，近年来科学文献中的多项研究表明，与前几十年相比，当下青少年的身体状况呈现出显著的下降趋势，且恶化程度令人担忧，尤其是在城市人口中。本研究的目的是分析加泰罗尼亚城市青少年在20年期间（1999 - 2019年）心肺耐力（CRE）的时间趋势。
进行了一项横断面分析研究，考虑过去20年中获得的20米穿梭跑测试（SRT）结果。1701名15至16岁的青少年（914名男孩和787名女孩）被分为四组，对应连续的五年时间段（第1组：1999 - 2004年；第2组：2005 - 2009年；第3组：2010 - 2014年；第4组：2015 - 2019年）。采用方差分析来检验时间段对CRE的影响，并进行事后Bonferroni分析以检验组间的两两差异（<0.05）。
结果显示，男女两性的CRE表现均显著较低。在比较第一个时间段的20米穿梭跑测试表现时，男孩的百分比负差异分别为0.67%、9.6%和7%，女孩分别为5.06%、14.97%和9.41%。
结果表明，在比较不同分析时间段时，加泰罗尼亚城市青少年的体能在男女两性中均较低。因此，应改善青少年的CRE，以帮助预防成年期的心血管疾病和其他健康风险。
