Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Nov;143:550-555. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.026. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
Persistent psychological distress is more harmful than transient psychological distress, but little is known about the development of persistent distress. We examined whether some specific symptoms of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were more important than others in predicting the persistence of psychological distress over a 3-year follow-up period among individuals who had at least moderate psychological distress at baseline (GHQ≥3). Participants were from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS; n = 6430) and British Household Panel Survey (BHPS; n = 5954). Sense of worthlessness, loss of self-confidence, loss of sleep over worry, and feelings of strain were associated with increasingly persistent distress. General happiness, feelings of unhappiness or depressed mood, and enjoyment of activities showed no such increasing associations. Symptoms of social functioning (capability of making decisions, concentration problems, feelings of usefulness, ability to face problems) showed some but not consistent associations. These results suggest that feelings of worthlessness, loss of self-confidence, loss of sleep over worry, and strain may be particularly important markers for persistent psychological distress.
持续的心理困扰比短暂的心理困扰更有害，但人们对持续困扰的发展知之甚少。我们研究了在基线时有至少中度心理困扰（GHQ≥3）的个体中，12 项一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）的某些特定症状是否比其他症状更能预测 3 年随访期间心理困扰的持续存在。参与者来自英国家庭纵向研究（UKHLS；n=6430）和英国家庭面板调查（BHPS；n=5954）。无价值感、丧失自信、因担忧而失眠以及紧张感与日益持续的困扰有关。一般幸福感、不快乐或抑郁情绪以及活动享受感则没有这种逐渐增强的关联。社会功能障碍症状（决策能力、注意力问题、有用感、面对问题的能力）显示出一些但不始终一致的关联。这些结果表明，无价值感、丧失自信、因担忧而失眠以及紧张感可能是持续心理困扰的特别重要的标志物。
