Schildroth Samantha, Osborne Gwendolyn, Smith Anna R, Yip Caryn, Collins Caroline, Smith Martyn T, Sandy Martha S, Zhang Luoping
Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA.
Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Occup Environ Med. 2020 Nov 26. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106980.
The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) recently recommended in its Report on Carcinogens Monograph for Antimony Trioxide that antimony trioxide be listed as '' based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and supporting evidence from mechanistic studies. Our goal was to estimate the possible human cancer risk from occupational exposure to antimony trioxide.
We selected data from 2-year inhalation studies in male and female mice conducted by the NTP and performed cancer dose-response analyses using cancer models and benchmark dose methods developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. In these analyses, we generated benchmark doses and cancer slope factors for antimony trioxide, and then estimated human cancer risk under various exposure scenarios. Typical and worst-case inhalation scenarios in multiple occupational settings were used in risk estimation.
In typical case scenarios, the occupational cancer risk from antimony trioxide was estimated to be 0.025 (25 in 1000) for persons working with flame retardants in plastics and textiles for 40 years. Under worst-case scenarios, the occupational cancer risk was estimated to be 0.11 (110 in 1000) for persons working with flame retardants in plastics and textiles. At the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit, the cancer risk for occupational inhalation exposure of antimony trioxide was estimated to be 0.096 (96 in 1000).
The risk estimates calculated in this study suggest that exposure to antimony trioxide at levels present in certain occupational settings results in a large increase in the risk of developing cancer.
美国国家毒理学计划（NTP）最近在其关于三氧化二锑的致癌物专论报告中建议，鉴于在实验动物中有充分的致癌证据以及来自机制研究的支持证据，将三氧化二锑列为“[具体分类，原文未给出]”。我们的目标是估计职业接触三氧化二锑可能对人类造成的癌症风险。
我们选取了NTP对雄性和雌性小鼠进行的为期两年的吸入研究数据，并使用美国环境保护局开发的癌症模型和基准剂量方法进行癌症剂量反应分析。在这些分析中，我们生成了三氧化二锑的基准剂量和癌症斜率因子，然后估计了在各种暴露情况下的人类癌症风险。风险估计中使用了多种职业环境中的典型和最坏情况吸入场景。
在典型情况下，从事塑料和纺织品阻燃剂工作40年的人员因三氧化二锑导致的职业癌症风险估计为0.025（千分之25）。在最坏情况下，从事塑料和纺织品阻燃剂工作的人员职业癌症风险估计为0.11（千分之110）。按照美国职业安全与健康管理局目前的允许接触限值，三氧化二锑职业吸入暴露的癌症风险估计为0.096（千分之96）。
本研究计算出的风险估计表明，在某些职业环境中接触现有水平的三氧化二锑会导致患癌风险大幅增加。
