School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, India.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India; Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
Chemosphere. 2021 Mar;266:128934. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128934. Epub 2020 Nov 11.
Environmental biotechnology is the use of biotechnology to develop and regulate biological systems for the remediation of environmental contamination. Nature has gifted ample material for remediation of its resources, among which chitosan is one of the most important and largely available biomaterial globally. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin extracted from marine waste and its applications from drug delivery to food additives are broadly available. Chitosan exhibit several properties such as availability, low cost, high biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These properties make it biologically and chemically acceptable for use in various fields. Due to some limitations of pure chitosan, there has been a growing interest in modifying the chitosan in order to improve the original properties and widen the applications of pure phase chitosan. Various modified forms of chitosan and their associated applications are reviewed here with emphasis on their use in environmental remediation. The demand of chitosan in the global industrial market is growing which is briefly explained in this paper. Chitosan is used for water purification since a long time and still progress is going on for making it more efficient in the removal process. It can be used as a flocculent and coagulant, as an adsorbent for removing the contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, antibiotics, biological contaminants from wastewater. Soil remediation using chitosan material is explained in this review. Various other applications such as drug delivery, food additives, tissue engineering are thoroughly reviewed.
环境生物技术是利用生物技术开发和调节生物系统，以修复环境污染。大自然赋予了丰富的材料来修复其资源，其中壳聚糖是全球最重要和广泛可用的生物材料之一。壳聚糖是一种从海洋废物中提取的甲壳素经过脱乙酰化得到的生物聚合物，其在药物输送到食品添加剂等方面的应用非常广泛。壳聚糖具有可用性、低成本、高生物相容性和可生物降解性等特性。这些特性使其在各个领域的生物和化学应用中都是可接受的。由于纯壳聚糖存在一些局限性，因此人们越来越感兴趣对壳聚糖进行改性，以改善其原始特性并拓宽纯相壳聚糖的应用范围。本文综述了各种改性壳聚糖及其相关应用，重点介绍了它们在环境修复中的应用。本文简要解释了壳聚糖在全球工业市场的需求不断增长。壳聚糖在水净化方面的应用已经有很长时间了，并且在提高去除效率方面仍在不断发展。它可以用作絮凝剂和凝结剂，也可以用作吸附剂，从废水中去除重金属、染料、农药、抗生素、生物污染物等污染物。本文综述了壳聚糖材料在土壤修复中的应用。还对其他各种应用，如药物输送、食品添加剂、组织工程等进行了深入的综述。
