Nutrition and Food Science Department, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA, 91768, USA.
J Food Sci. 2021 Jan;86(1):6-15. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15540. Epub 2020 Nov 29.
Avocados (Persea americana) are a fruit, whose shelf-life is jeopardized by rapid ripening and fungal diseases, which heighten the necessity for postharvest treatments. The use of refrigeration during storage and transport helps delay the ripening process and phytopathogen growth but it is not enough to attenuate the problem, especially once avocados are placed in ambient temperatures. Fungicides are effective in controlling fungal prevalence, but their possible adverse environmental and human health effects have spurred interest in finding safer, natural substitutes. The objective of this paper is to review recent advances and trends in the use of edible coatings as a safe alternative to preserve and extend avocados shelf-life. Edible biopolymer coatings have gained considerable attention due to their ability to extend fruit and vegetable shelf-life. These coatings are a novel type of biodegradable primary packaging made from biological compounds like polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and other polymers. Coatings are considered nonactive if they only form a physical barrier, separating avocados from their immediate environment, controlling gas and moisture transfer. Active coatings can contain supplementary ingredients with additional properties like antioxidant and antifungal activity. The application of edible coatings shows promising potential in extending avocado shelf-life, replacing synthetic fungicides and reducing economic losses from avocado spoilage.
鳄梨（Persea americana）是一种水果，其货架期容易受到快速成熟和真菌病害的影响，这增加了采后处理的必要性。在储存和运输过程中使用冷藏有助于延缓成熟过程和植物病原菌的生长，但这还不足以解决问题，特别是一旦鳄梨被放置在环境温度下。杀菌剂在控制真菌流行方面非常有效，但它们可能对环境和人类健康造成的不利影响促使人们寻找更安全、更天然的替代品。本文的目的是综述近年来使用可食用涂层作为安全替代品来保存和延长鳄梨货架期的最新进展和趋势。可食用生物聚合物涂层由于能够延长水果和蔬菜的货架期而受到了相当大的关注。这些涂层是一种新型的可生物降解的初级包装，由多糖、蛋白质、脂质和其他聚合物等生物化合物制成。如果涂层仅形成物理屏障，将鳄梨与其直接环境隔离开来，控制气体和水分的转移，则被认为是非活性的。活性涂层可以包含具有额外抗氧化和抗真菌活性等附加特性的补充成分。可食用涂层的应用在延长鳄梨货架期方面显示出了很大的潜力，可替代合成杀菌剂，减少鳄梨变质造成的经济损失。
