Julius Kühn Institute - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Darmstadt, Germany.
Department of Crop Protection, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany.
J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Jul;131(1):375-391. doi: 10.1111/jam.14946. Epub 2020 Dec 15.
Compare and characterize Chaetomium strains with special regard to their potentialities as biocontrol agents.
Twelve strains of the fungal genus Chaetomium from diverse ecological niches were identified as belonging to six different species. Large differences were observed between the strains with regard to temperature requirements for mycelial growth and pigmentation of culture filtrates. Culture filtrates and ethyl acetate extracts were assayed for fungicidal effects against important phytopathogens both on agar media and in multiwell plates. The samples from Chaetomium globosum were particularly active against Botrytis cinerea, Pyrenophora graminea and Bipolaris sorokiniana, while those from C. cochliodes and C. aureum were inhibitory towards Phytophthora infestans, and P. infestans and Fusarium culmorum respectively. To narrow down the active principle, the most promising extracts were separated by preparative HPLC and the resulting fractions tested in bioassays. Chaetoglobosins were identified as active compounds produced by C. globosum.
The bioassays revealed C. aureum and C. cochliodes as promising candidates for use in biocontrol. Both showed remarkably good activity against the prominent plant pathogen P. infestans.
We provide the first systematic study comparing six different Chaetomium species with regard to their use as biocontrol agents.
比较和描述毛壳菌菌株，特别关注它们作为生物防治剂的潜力。
从不同生态位鉴定了 12 株真菌属毛壳菌的菌株，它们属于六个不同的种。菌株之间在菌丝生长的温度要求和培养滤液的色素沉着方面存在很大差异。对来自不同生态位的 12 株毛壳菌的培养滤液和乙酸乙酯提取物进行了活性测定，以评估其对重要植物病原菌的抑菌效果，包括在琼脂培养基和多孔板上的抑菌效果。来自毛壳菌的样品对灰葡萄孢、禾谷镰刀菌和旋孢腔菌具有特别的活性，而来自 C. cochliodes 和 C. aureum 的样品则对疫霉、晚疫病菌和禾谷镰刀菌分别具有抑制作用。为了缩小有效成分的范围，用制备型 HPLC 分离最有前途的提取物，并在生物测定中测试所得的馏分。发现毛壳菌素是毛壳菌产生的活性化合物。
生物测定表明，C. aureum 和 C. cochliodes 是生物防治的有前途的候选菌株。它们对重要的植物病原菌晚疫病菌表现出很好的抑制活性。
我们首次系统地比较了六种不同的毛壳菌物种，以评估它们作为生物防治剂的用途。
