Józef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Human Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw, Poland.
PLoS One. 2020 Nov 30;15(11):e0242074. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242074. eCollection 2020.
The aim of the study was to analyse changes in the average height of adult Polish women born in 1931-2001 in the aspect of dynamically changing economic and socio-economic conditions of the living environment. An ethnically homogeneous group of 6,028 adult women from large Polish cities, born in 1931-2001, living between 1931 and 2020, were examined using the same research methods and research equipment. All women were divided into eight birth cohorts. The Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple regression analyses were used. Root Mean Square Standardized Effect (RMSSE), critical value of the test, and test power were calculated. The average height of women born during 70 years of the study increased by 9.63 cm, from 158.22 cm (SD = 5.57 cm) to 167.85 cm (SD = 6.91 cm) (H = 1084.84, p<0.001). The intensity of the intergenerational trend in subsequent cohorts of years of birth varied strongly between decades, averaging 1.34 cm/decade. The body height in women increased significantly up to the height of those born between 1970 and 1979 and then the trend weakened noticeably, although it remained positive. The observed secular trend confirms positive changes in the standard of living of Polish women between 1931 and 2020. Improving living conditions allow people to fully achieve their genetically determined growth potential.
本研究旨在分析 1931 年至 2001 年期间出生的波兰成年女性平均身高的变化，从动态变化的生活环境的经济和社会经济条件方面进行分析。使用相同的研究方法和研究设备，对来自波兰大城市的 6028 名 1931 年至 2001 年出生、1931 年至 2020 年期间生活的、种族同质的成年女性进行了检查。所有女性被分为 8 个出生队列。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和多元回归分析。计算均方根标准化效应（RMSSE）、检验临界值和检验功效。在研究的 70 年中，女性的平均身高增加了 9.63 厘米，从 158.22 厘米（SD=5.57 厘米）增加到 167.85 厘米（SD=6.91 厘米）（H=1084.84，p<0.001）。随后出生队列的世代趋势强度在几十年间差异很大，平均每十年增长 1.34 厘米。女性身高显著增加，直到 1970 年至 1979 年出生的女性，然后趋势明显减弱，尽管仍呈上升趋势。观察到的长期趋势证实了 1931 年至 2020 年波兰女性生活水平的积极变化。生活条件的改善使人们能够充分实现其遗传决定的生长潜力。
