Liczbińska Grażyna, Czapla Zbigniew, Piontek Janusz, Malina Robert M
Department of Human Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
Department of Human Biological Development, Institute of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
Econ Hum Biol. 2018 Feb;28:23-28. doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2017.11.004. Epub 2017 Nov 21.
Although the relationships between economic conditions and biological variables over the past two centuries in Poland are reasonably well-documented, the influence of economic and political disruptions, including nutritional privation, during the years immediately before, during and shortly after World War II (WWII) has received less attention. This paper considers the association between age at menarche and body size of university students born before, during and after WWII and father's level of education, a commonly used indicator of family economic status in Poland. Subjects were 518 university students surveyed between 1955 and 1972, birth years 1931 through 1951. The sample was divided into three birth cohorts: before (n=237), during (n=247) and after (n=34) WWII. Age at menarche was compared among birth cohorts, and by weight status and father's level of education. Age at menarche increased slightly but significantly among women born during WWII (14.4 yrs) compared to those born before (14.2 yrs) and after (13.9 yrs) the war. Controlling for year of birth and age of the student, age at menarche was significantly earlier in overweight (13.42±0.35 yrs) than in normal weight (14.33±0.06 yrs) and thin (14.54±0.21 yrs) women. Adjusted mean ages at menarche in small samples of overweight women did not differ by father's level of education, and were earlier than corresponding ages of thin and normal weight women. Adjusted mean ages at menarche did not differ between thin and normal weight women with fathers having primary or no education, but were slightly later in thin than in normal weight women with fathers having a vocational, secondary or higher education. Although age at menarche was associated with father's level of education, young adult weight status was a somewhat more important correlate.
尽管在过去两个世纪里，波兰经济状况与生物变量之间的关系已有较为详尽的记录，但第二次世界大战（二战）之前、期间及战后不久包括营养匮乏在内的经济和政治动荡所产生的影响却较少受到关注。本文探讨了二战前、二战期间及二战后出生的大学生初潮年龄和体型与父亲教育水平之间的关联，父亲教育水平是波兰常用的家庭经济状况指标。研究对象为1955年至1972年间接受调查的518名大学生，出生年份在1931年至1951年之间。样本分为三个出生队列：二战前（n = 237）、二战期间（n = 247）和二战后（n = 34）。对各出生队列的初潮年龄进行了比较，并按体重状况和父亲教育水平进行了比较。与二战前出生（14.2岁）和二战后出生（13.9岁）的女性相比，二战期间出生的女性初潮年龄略有增加但差异显著（14.4岁）。在控制学生出生年份和年龄后，超重女性（13.42±0.35岁）的初潮年龄显著早于正常体重女性（14.33±0.06岁）和消瘦女性（14.54±0.21岁）。超重女性小样本中经调整的初潮平均年龄在不同父亲教育水平之间无差异，且早于消瘦和正常体重女性的相应年龄。父亲为小学学历或无学历的消瘦和正常体重女性，其经调整的初潮平均年龄无差异，但父亲为职业、中学或高等学历的消瘦女性的初潮平均年龄略晚于正常体重女性。尽管初潮年龄与父亲教育水平有关，但年轻成年女性的体重状况是一个更为重要的相关因素。
