Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,
Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland,
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2020;49(4):349-354. doi: 10.1159/000511768. Epub 2020 Nov 30.
We investigated whether the longitudinal relation between cognitive reserve accumulated across the lifespan and rate of cognitive decline over 6 years differed by the individual's degree of functional impairment.
We analyzed longitudinal data from 897 older adults (M = 74.33 years) tested on the Trail Making Test (TMT) in 2 waves 6 years apart.
There was a significant interaction of functional impairment with cognitive reserve on latent change in cognitive functioning. Specifically, with no functional impairment in the first wave of assessment, greater cognitive reserve accumulated across the lifespan significantly predicted a reduced cognitive decline over 6 years (i.e., smaller increase in TMT completion time). In contrast, with certain functional impairment (in at least some activities) in the first wave, greater cognitive reserve build-up predicted a steeper cognitive decline (i.e., larger increase in TMT completion time).
Individuals with greater cognitive reserve accumulated across the lifespan show a reduced cognitive decline if they still have relatively little functional impairment, while they will show a steeper decline (compared to individuals with less cognitive reserve) as soon as functional impairment becomes substantial.
我们研究了认知储备（一个人在一生中积累的认知能力）与 6 年内认知能力下降的纵向关系是否因个体的功能损伤程度而异。
我们分析了 897 名老年人（平均年龄 74.33 岁）的纵向数据，这些老年人在两次测试（两次测试间隔 6 年）中都接受了连线测验（TMT）的测试。
功能损伤与认知储备在认知功能的潜在变化上存在显著的交互作用。具体来说，在第一次评估中没有功能损伤的情况下，一生中积累的更多认知储备显著预示着 6 年内认知衰退的减少（即 TMT 完成时间的增加较小）。相比之下，在第一次评估中存在一定的功能损伤（至少在某些活动中）的情况下，更多的认知储备积累预示着认知衰退的加剧（即 TMT 完成时间的增加较大）。
如果一个人一生中积累的认知储备较多，且功能损伤相对较少，那么他们的认知衰退会减少；而一旦功能损伤变得严重，他们的认知衰退（与认知储备较少的人相比）就会加剧。
