SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
SIBS-UGENT-SJTU Joint Laboratory of Mycotoxin Research, CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Environ Pollut. 2020 Dec;267:115559. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115559. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites, contaminating cereal grains in field or during processing and storage periods. These environmental contaminants pose great threats to humans and animals' health due to their toxic effects. Type A trichothecenes, fumonisins and fusaric acid (FA) are commonly detected mycotoxins produced by various Fusarium species. Trichoderma spp. are promising antagonists in agriculture for their activities against plant pathogens, and also regarded as potential candidates for bioremediation of environmental contaminants. Managing toxigenic fungi by antagonistic Trichoderma is regarded as a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for mycotoxin control. However, the metabolic activities of Trichoderma on natural occurring mycotoxins were less investigated. Our current work comprehensively explored the activities of Trichoderma against type A trichothecenes, fumonisins and FA producing Fusarium species via co-culture competition and indirect volatile assays. Furthermore, we investigated metabolism of type A trichothecenes and FA in Trichoderma isolates. Results indicated that Trichoderma were capable of bio-transforming T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol into their glycosylated forms and one Trichoderma strain could bio transform FA into low toxic fusarinol. These findings proved that Trichoderma isolates could manage toxigenic Fusarium via direct competition and volatile-mediated indirect inhibition. In addition, these antagonists possess defensive systems against mycotoxins for self-protection, which enriches our understanding on the interaction mechanism of Trichoderma spp. on toxigenic fungus.
真菌毒素是有毒的真菌代谢物，会污染田间或加工和储存过程中的谷物。由于其毒性作用，这些环境污染物对人类和动物的健康构成了巨大威胁。A型单端孢霉烯族化合物、伏马菌素和伏马酸（FA）是由各种镰刀菌属产生的常见真菌毒素。木霉属在农业中作为植物病原菌的拮抗生物具有很大的应用潜力，也被认为是环境污染物生物修复的潜在候选物。通过拮抗木霉属来管理产毒真菌被认为是一种控制真菌毒素的可持续和环保策略。然而，木霉属对天然存在的真菌毒素的代谢活性研究较少。我们目前的工作通过共培养竞争和间接挥发物测定，全面研究了木霉属对产 A 型单端孢霉烯族化合物、伏马菌素和 FA 的镰刀菌属的活性。此外，我们还研究了木霉属分离物中 A 型单端孢霉烯族化合物和 FA 的代谢。结果表明，木霉属能够将 T-2 毒素、HT-2 毒素、二乙酰基交链孢酚和新茄病镰刀菌醇转化为其糖基化形式，一种木霉属菌株能够将 FA 转化为低毒的呋马菌素。这些发现证明，木霉属分离物可以通过直接竞争和挥发性介导的间接抑制来管理产毒镰刀菌属。此外，这些拮抗物具有针对真菌毒素的防御系统以进行自我保护，这丰富了我们对木霉属与产毒真菌相互作用机制的理解。
