ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, SSPT-MET-INAT, Frascati, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Feb 1;754:142345. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142345. Epub 2020 Sep 16.
Air pollution, particularly in urban areas, is a concern for its negative effects on the materials of the built environment. Cities are also home to a large part of our cultural heritage. Air pollution accelerates the natural processes of deterioration of the materials of historic buildings and monuments, causing premature aging and reducing their aesthetic value. The present paper aims to assess the current potential damage due to air pollution on different materials through Europe. Several corrosion and soiling maps were produced by applying widely used dose-response functions. One of the priorities of this study was to provide an estimate of the effects of air pollution on UNESCO World Heritage cultural sites throughout Europe. The potential risk for cultural heritage monuments was estimated on the basis of exceeding tolerable degradation thresholds suggested for each material. The results show that, despite the significant improvements in air quality in Europe over the past few decades, air pollution is still considerable and continues to be an important agent of degradation of cultural heritage, particularly in anthropized areas. Although the methodology used in this study provides a simplified assessment of the likelihood of damage to UNESCO's cultural heritage in Europe from air pollution, it provides a unique perspective and the potential risk is assessed on a common basis. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the existing risk deriving from atmospheric pollution and to highlighting those sites, generally located in areas where anthropogenic activity is relevant, that need particular attention. The present paper can serve as a basis for stimulating additional studies and site-specific analyzes, as well as highlighting the need for further measures and policies for atmospheric pollution reduction in cities and in the surroundings of sensitive historic buildings and monuments to prevent further damage.
空气污染，尤其是在城市地区，因其对建筑环境材料的负面影响而令人担忧。城市也是我们文化遗产的重要发源地。空气污染加速了历史建筑和纪念碑材料自然恶化的过程，导致过早老化，降低了它们的美学价值。本文旨在通过欧洲评估不同材料因空气污染而造成的当前潜在破坏。通过应用广泛使用的剂量-反应函数，制作了几张腐蚀和污染地图。这项研究的重点之一是提供对整个欧洲教科文组织世界遗产文化遗址因空气污染而产生的影响的估计。根据为每种材料设定的可容忍降解阈值，对文化遗产古迹的潜在风险进行了估计。结果表明，尽管过去几十年来欧洲空气质量有了显著改善，但空气污染仍然相当严重，仍然是文化遗产退化的一个重要因素，特别是在人类活动区域。尽管本研究中使用的方法提供了对欧洲教科文组织文化遗产因空气污染而受损的可能性的简化评估，但它提供了一个独特的视角，并在共同的基础上评估了潜在风险。所获得的结果有助于更好地了解大气污染带来的现有风险，并突出那些通常位于与人为活动相关的地区的遗址，这些遗址需要特别关注。本文可以作为进一步研究和特定地点分析的基础，以及强调需要采取进一步措施和政策来减少城市和敏感历史建筑和纪念碑周围的大气污染，以防止进一步的破坏。
