Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
National Museum of Slovenia, Muzejska ulica 1, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jul;29(31):46405-46437. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20309-8. Epub 2022 May 2.
Atmospheric gases and particulate matter (PM) in contact with the material's surface lead to chemical and physical changes, which in most cases cause degradation of the cultural heritage material. Atmospheric damage and soiling are recognized as two pivotal forms of deterioration of cultural heritage materials caused by air pollution. However, the atmospheric damage effect of PM is rather complicated; its variable composition accelerates the deterioration process. Considering this, one of the important contributions of this work is to review the existing knowledge on PM influence on atmospheric damage, further recognize, and critically evaluate the main gaps in current understanding. The second phenomenon related to cultural heritage material and PM pollution is soiling. Even if soiling was recognized long ago, its definition and knowledge have not changed much for several decades. In the past, it was believed that black carbon (BC) was the primary soiling agent and that the change of the lightness could effectively measure the soiling. With the change of pollution situation, the lightness measurements do not represent the degree of soiling correctly. The additional contribution of this work is thus, the critical evaluation of soiling measurements, and accordingly, due to the change of pollution situation, redefinition of soiling is proposed. Even though numerous studies have treated soiling and atmospheric damage separately, there is an overlap between these two processes. No systematic studies exist on the synergy between soiling and atmospheric damage caused by atmospheric PM.
与材料表面接触的大气气体和颗粒物（PM）会导致化学和物理变化，这些变化在大多数情况下会导致文化遗产材料的降解。大气破坏和污染被认为是空气污染导致文化遗产材料劣化的两种主要形式。然而，PM 对大气破坏的影响相当复杂；其可变的成分加速了恶化过程。有鉴于此，这项工作的重要贡献之一是回顾 PM 对大气破坏影响的现有知识，进一步认识和批判性地评估当前理解中的主要差距。与文化遗产材料和 PM 污染相关的第二个现象是污染。尽管污染很久以前就被认识到了，但几十年来，其定义和知识并没有太大变化。过去，人们认为黑碳（BC）是主要的污染物质，而亮度的变化可以有效地衡量污染程度。随着污染情况的变化，亮度测量不能正确代表污染程度。因此，这项工作的另一个重要贡献是对污染测量进行批判性评估，并相应地，由于污染情况的变化，提出了对污染的重新定义。尽管许多研究已经将污染和大气破坏分别进行了研究，但这两个过程之间存在重叠。目前还没有关于大气 PM 引起的污染和大气破坏之间协同作用的系统研究。
