Division of Human Nutrition, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 24;12(12):3608. doi: 10.3390/nu12123608.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa. Undernutrition has been prevalent amongst end stage CKD patients, with limited data on the prevalence of obesity. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status of CKD patients using various methods sensitive to over and under-nutrition. Stage 3 to 5 CKD patients (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m) attending a pre-dialysis clinic in Cape Town, were enrolled. Exclusion criteria included infectious and autoimmune conditions. Sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical data were collected, and anthropometric measurements were performed. Dietary intake was measured with a quantified food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used for statistical analysis. Seventy participants, with mean age of 41.8 ± 11.8 years, 52.9% females and 47.1% males were enrolled. Participants enrolled mainly had stage 5 kidney failure. Thirty percent were overweight (21) and 25 (36%) were obese, 22 (60%) of females were overweight and obese, while 13 (39.4%) of males were predominantly normal weight. Abdominal obesity was found in 42 (60%) of participants, mainly in females. Undernutrition prevalence was low at 3%. Dietary assessment showed a high sugar and protein intake. There was a high prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in CKD stage 35 patients, with unhealthy dietary intake and other nutritional abnormalities.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）在撒哈拉以南非洲地区呈上升趋势。终末期 CKD 患者普遍存在营养不良的情况，但关于肥胖症的患病率数据有限。本研究旨在使用各种对营养过剩和不足敏感的方法评估 CKD 患者的营养状况。我们招募了在开普敦参加透析前诊所的 3 至 5 期 CKD 患者（肾小球滤过率（GFR）<60mL/min/1.73m）。排除标准包括传染性和自身免疫性疾病。收集了社会人口统计学、临床和生化数据，并进行了人体测量学测量。通过定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）测量饮食摄入量。使用统计软件包（SPSS）版本 26 进行统计分析。共有 70 名参与者，平均年龄为 41.8±11.8 岁，52.9%为女性，47.1%为男性。参与者主要患有 5 期肾衰竭。30%超重（21 人），25%肥胖（25 人），22%女性超重和肥胖，而 13%男性主要为正常体重。42%的参与者存在腹型肥胖，主要为女性。营养不良的患病率较低，为 3%。饮食评估显示糖和蛋白质摄入量较高。3 至 5 期 CKD 患者中存在较高的超重、肥胖和腹型肥胖患病率，伴有不健康的饮食摄入和其他营养异常。
